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. 2024 Feb 15;27(3):109241.
doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109241. eCollection 2024 Mar 15.

Highly sensitive and simultaneous detection of ascorbic acid, dopamine, and uric acid using Pt@g-C3N4/N-CNTs nanocomposites

Lin Zhang  1   2 , Liu Yu  1 , Junyang Peng  1 , Xiaoying Hou  1   3 , Hongzhi Du  1   2
Affiliations

Highly sensitive and simultaneous detection of ascorbic acid, dopamine, and uric acid using Pt@g-C3N4/N-CNTs nanocomposites

Lin Zhang et al. iScience. .

Abstract

The detection of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA) is crucial for understanding and managing various illnesses. In this research, Pt@g-C3N4 nanoparticles were synthesized via hydrothermal method and combined with N-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs). The Pt@g-C3N4/N-CNTs-modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode was fabricated as an electrochemical sensor for the determination of AA, DA, and UA. The linear response range of AA, DA, and UA in the optimal condition was 100-3,000 μM, 1-100 μM, and 2-215 μM boasting a low detection limit (S/N = 3) of 29.44 μM (AA), 0.21 μM (UA), and 2.99 μM (DA), respectively. Additionally, the recoveries of AA, DA, and UA in serum sample were 100.4%-106.7%. These results corroborate the feasibility of the proposed method for the simultaneous, sensitive, and reliable detection of AA, DA, and UA. Our Pt@g-C3N4/N-CNTs/GC electrode can provide a potential strategy for disease diagnosis and health monitoring in clinical settings.

Keywords: Applied sciences; Electrochemistry; Nanomaterials; Sensor.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

None
Graphical abstract
Figure 1
Figure 1
Microstructural characterizations of N-CNTs, Pt@g-C3N4, and Pt@g-C3N4/N-CNTs samples (A) SEM image of N-CNTs. (B) SEM image of Pt@g-C3N4. (C) SEM image of Pt@g-C3N4/N-CNTs. (D) EDS mapping images of C, N, O, and Pt element. (E) EDS line image of the synthesized Pt@g-C3N4/N-CNTs nanomaterials. (F) XRD patterns of N-CNTs, Pt@g-C3N4, and Pt@g-C3N4/N-CNTs.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Chemical analysis and electrical properties of N-CNTs, Pt@g-C3N4, and Pt@g-C3N4/N-CNTs samples (A) XPS survey spectra of N-CNTs, Pt@g-C3N4, and Pt@g-C3N4/N-CNTs. (B) High-resolution XPS spectra of C1s for Pt@g-C3N4 (top) and Pt@g-C3N4/N-CNTs (bottom) samples. (C) High-resolution XPS spectra of N1s for Pt@g-C3N4 (top) and Pt@g-C3N4/N-CNTs (bottom) samples. (D) High-resolution XPS spectra of O1s for Pt@g-C3N4 (top) and Pt@g-C3N4/N-CNTs (bottom) samples. (E) High-resolution XPS spectra of Pt4f for Pt@g-C3N4 (top) and Pt@g-C3N4/N-CNTs (bottom) samples.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Electrochemical characterizations of bare GC, N-CNTs/GC, and Pt@g-C3N4/N-CNTs/GC electrodes in 5 mM [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- solution containing 0.5 M KCl (A) CV curves of bare GC, N-CNTs/GC, and Pt@g-C3N4/N-CNTs/GC electrodes. (B) EIS spectra of bare GC, N-CNTs/GC, and Pt@g-C3N4/N-CNTs/GC electrodes.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Electrochemical detection of 0.5 mM AA, 0.1 mM DA, and 0.1 mM UA in 0.1 M PBS (A) CV curves of bare GC, N-CNTs/GC, and Pt@g-C3N4/N-CNTs/GC electrodes. (B) DPV curves of bare GC, N-CNTs/GC, and Pt@g-C3N4/N-CNTs/GC electrodes.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Optimization of experimental conditions (A) DPV curves of Pt@g-C3N4/N-CNTs/GC electrode in different pH solutions. (B) Histograms showing the peak currents of AA, DA, and UA in different pH solutions. Error bars represent the standard errors (n = 3). (C) DPV curves of modified electrodes with different proportions of hybrid nanomaterials. (D) Histograms showing the peak currents of AA, DA, and UA at modified electrodes with different proportions of hybrid nanomaterials. Error bars represent the standard errors (n = 3).
Scheme 1
Scheme 1
Oxidation process of AA, DA, and UA
Figure 6
Figure 6
Individual detection of AA, DA, and UA (A) DPV curves of Pt@g-C3N4/N-CNTs GC electrode in different concentrations of AA (2–2,000 μM). (B) Linear fitting between the concentrations of AA and peak currents. Error bars represent the standard errors (n = 3). (C) DPV curves of Pt@g-C3N4/N-CNTs GC electrode in different concentrations of DA (5–100 μM). (D) Linear fitting between the concentrations of DA and peak currents. Error bars represent the standard errors (n = 3). (E) DPV curves of Pt@g-C3N4/N-CNTs GC electrode in different concentrations of UA (1–110 μM). (F) Linear fitting between the concentrations of UA and peak currents. Error bars represent the standard errors (n = 3).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Simultaneous detection of AA, DA, and UA (A) DPV curves of Pt@g-C3N4/N-CNTs GC electrode in the ternary mixture with different concentrations of AA (2–2,000 μM), DA (5–100 μM), and UA (1–110 μM). (B) Linear fitting between the concentrations of AA and peak currents. Error bars represent the standard errors (n = 3). (C) Linear fitting between the concentrations of DA and peak currents. Error bars represent the standard errors (n = 3). (D) Linear fitting between the concentrations of UA and peak currents. Error bars represent the standard errors (n = 3).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Stability and selectivity test Interfering substance: 5 mM Na+, 5 mM K+, 5 mM Mg2+, 1 mM glucose, 1 mM glycine, and 1 mM citric acid. (A) Histograms of Pt@g-C3N4/N-CNTs GC electrode for stability test. Error bars represent the standard errors (n = 3). (B) Amperometric response to continuous addition of 0.5 mM AA and interfering substances. (C) Amperometric response to continuous addition of 0.1 mM DA and interfering substances. (D) Amperometric response to continuous addition of 0.1 mM UA and interfering substances.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Real sample analysis by standard addition method DPV responses of human blood serum sample and 150 μM AA, 25 μM DA, and 15 μM UA at Pt@g-C3N4/N-CNTs GC electrode.
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