Screening of Geriatric Depression in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: A Pilot Study

Abstract

Objective: There is currently limited evidence about the prevalence of depression among elderly people residing in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. This study aims to report the magnitude of depression among the older population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, and the related risk factors.

Methods: An online cross-sectional pilot survey was carried out in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using an online self-administered questionnaire.

Results: The study questionnaire was completed by 191 older people. The participants' ages varied from 60 to 88 years. 55.5% were women, 47.9% were married, and 21.5% were divorced/widowed. 46.6% had hypertension, 42.4% had diabetes, 17.3% had hypothyroidism, 7.9% had cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and 6.3% reported psychiatric problems. 44.5% of the subjects had no depression, 23.5% had mild, 15.2% had moderate, and 16.8% had severe depression. The sample included 32% who had been classified as having major depression. Elderly participants with insomnia, cognitive diseases, and chronic diseases showed a high risk for experiencing severe depression (OR=2.74; 95% CI: 1.42-5.28),(OR=2.63; 95% CI: 1.29-5.40), and (OR=2.62; 95% CI: 1.11-6.14) respectively.

Conclusion: Depression was common among the elderly population in Makkah, particularly among those with a documented history of insomnia, cognitive diseases, and chronic diseases. Depression screening and treatment for old people in medical settings is recommended.

Keywords: depression; elderly population; makkah; prevalence; risk factors.

Figure 1. Prevalence of depression and its severity among elderly study participants residing in Makkah, Saudi Arabia