Does anxiety, depression, and sleep levels affect the quality of life in patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis?

Abstract

Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease characterized by relapses and remissions, causing physical disability and affecting individuals psychosocially. In this study, we aimed to assess anxiety and depression levels, sleep, and quality of life in MS patients.

Patients and methods: The study included 66 participants, 30 healthy controls, and 36 patients diagnosed with MS. All participants were administered the Sociodemographic and Clinical Data Form, Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life Instrument (MSQOL-54), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).

Results: The PSQI, EDSS, BDI, and BAI scores of MS patients were found to be significantly higher, while the MSQOL-54 score was considerably lower than the healthy control group (p<0.001). In the patient group, there was a positive correlation between PSQI score and BDI (r=0.599, p<0.001) and BAI (r=0.633, p<0.001), while there was a negative correlation between PSQI and MSQOL-54 (r=0.705, p<0.001) and the duration of MS diagnosis (r=-0.364, p=0.029). A positive correlation was found between the EDSS score and BDI (r=0.401, p=0.015) and the number of hospitalizations (r=0.566, p<0.001). There was a significant negative correlation observed between MSQOL-54 and BDI (r=-0.807, p<0.001) as well as BAI (r=-0.834, p<0.001). There is a significant positive relationship between BDI and BAI (r=0.828, p<0.001).

Conclusions: Our research revealed that individuals diagnosed with multiple sclerosis exhibit elevated levels of anxiety and depression symptoms when compared to a healthy control group. Additionally, they tend to experience lower sleep quality and overall quality of life. The provision of necessary psychiatric interventions to these patients following their diagnosis can enable them to accept the disease and actively participate in treatment, thereby positively impacting their quality of life.