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. 2024 Mar 4;32(1):58-67.
doi: 10.5152/FNJN.2024.23074. Online ahead of print.

The Effect of Cold Sand Pack on Percutaneous Coronary Intervention-Induced Vascular Complications and Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Gülzade Duygun Pamuk  1 , Ayşe Özkaraman  2
Affiliations

The Effect of Cold Sand Pack on Percutaneous Coronary Intervention-Induced Vascular Complications and Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Gülzade Duygun Pamuk et al. Florence Nightingale J Nurs. .

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cold sand pack on vascular complications and pain in patients who undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods: This randomized controlled interventional trial was conducted in a hospital between November 30, 2021 and April 3, 2022. The patients were randomly assigned to CSP and NSP. A 5 kg sand pack was applied on the femoral area of the patients in the CSP group at an average temperature of 18.9°C for the first 20 minutes. A 5 kg sand pack was applied at an average temperature of 24.1°C after the procedure on the femoral region of the patients in the NSP group.

Results: After percutaneous coronary intervention, less bleeding developed in the CSP group at hours 2, 3, and 12 when compared to the NSP group, and the ecchymosis diameters measured at hours 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, and 24 were higher than those of the NSP patients (p < 0.05). It was detected that the pain score of the NSP group was higher at hours 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, and 24 on the femoral region when compared to the CSP group.

Conclusion: It was detected that the cold sand pack applied for the first 20 minutes prevented bleeding and reduced ecchymosis diameter and pain intensity.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Interests: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Consort Flow Diagram (https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/consort/).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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