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Review
. 2024 Mar 4;29(1):152.
doi: 10.1186/s40001-024-01739-1.

Advances in secondary prevention mechanisms of macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a comprehensive review

Huifang Guan  1 , Jiaxing Tian  2 , Ying Wang  1 , Ping Niu  3 , Yuxin Zhang  4 , Yanjiao Zhang  4 , Xinyi Fang  4   5 , Runyu Miao  4   5 , Ruiyang Yin  4 , Xiaolin Tong  6
Affiliations
Review

Advances in secondary prevention mechanisms of macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a comprehensive review

Huifang Guan et al. Eur J Med Res. .

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses a significant global health burden. This is particularly due to its macrovascular complications, such as coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease, which have emerged as leading contributors to morbidity and mortality. This review comprehensively explores the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these complications, protective strategies, and both existing and emerging secondary preventive measures. Furthermore, we delve into the applications of experimental models and methodologies in foundational research while also highlighting current research limitations and future directions. Specifically, we focus on the literature published post-2020 concerning the secondary prevention of macrovascular complications in patients with T2DM by conducting a targeted review of studies supported by robust evidence to offer a holistic perspective.

Keywords: Experimental techniques and methodologies; Macrovascular complications; Protective mechanisms; Secondary prevention; Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

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Conflict of interest statement

None of the authors have any competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The dirty dozen of diabetes
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetes and its complications
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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