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. 2024 Feb 19:11:1333975.
doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1333975. eCollection 2024.

Prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis in deer in mainland China: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Dong Li #  1   2 , Dan-Ni Li #  2 , Xin-Yue Liu #  2 , Yu-Hao Song  2 , Xue-Tong Liu  2 , Siddique Sehrish  2 , Yu-Xin Jia  2 , Ying Zong  1   3 , Jian-Ming Li  1   3 , Kun Shi  1   3 , Xue Leng  1   3 , Fei Liu  2   3 , Nai-Chao Diao  1   3 , Fan-Li Zeng  1   3 , Qing-Long Gong  2   3 , Rui Du  1   3
Affiliations

Prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis in deer in mainland China: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Dong Li et al. Front Vet Sci. .

Abstract

Background: Deer tuberculosis is a chronic zoonotic infectious disease, despite the existence of socio-economic and zoonotic risk factors, but at present, there has been no systematic review of deer tuberculosis prevalence in mainland China. The aim of this meta-analysis was to estimate the overall prevalence of deer TB in mainland China and to assess possible associations between potential risk factors and the prevalence of deer tuberculosis.

Methodology: This study was searched in six databases in Chinese and English, respectively (1981 to December 2023). Four authors independently reviewed the titles and abstracts of all retrieved articles to establish the inclusion exclusion criteria. Using the meta-analysis package estimated the combined effects. Cochran's Q-statistic was used to analyze heterogeneity. Funnel plots (symmetry) and used the Egger's test identifying publication bias. Trim-and-fill analysis methods were used for validation and sensitivity analysis. we also performed subgroup and meta-regression analyses.

Results: In this study, we obtained 4,400 studies, 20 cross-sectional studies were screened and conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. Results show: The overall prevalence of tuberculosis in deer in mainland China was 16.1% (95% confidence interval (CI):10.5 24.6; (Deer tuberculosis infected 5,367 out of 22,215 deer in mainland China) 5,367/22215; 1981 to 2023). The prevalence in Central China was the highest 17.5% (95% CI:14.0-21.9; 63/362), and among provinces, the prevalence in Heilongjiang was the highest at 26.5% (95% CI:13.2-53.0; 1557/4291). Elaphurus davidianus was the most commonly infected species, with a prevalence of 35.3% (95% CI:18.5-67.2; 6/17). We also assessed the association between geographic risk factors and the incidence of deer tuberculosis.

Conclusion: Deer tuberculosis is still present in some areas of China. Assessing the association between risk factors and the prevalence of deer tuberculosis showed that reasonable and scientific-based breeding methods, a suitable breeding environment, and rapid and accurate detection methods could effectively reduce the prevalence of deer tuberculosis. In addition, in the management and operation of the breeding base, improving the scientific feed nutrition standards and establishing comprehensive standards for disease prevention, immunization, quarantine, treatment, and disinfection according to the breeding varieties and scale, are suggested as ways to reduce the prevalence of deer tuberculosis.

Keywords: Mycobacterium bovis; deer; mainland China; meta-analysis; prevalence.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram of eligible studies for searching and selecting. The inclusion and exclusion criteria only to this study.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Forest plot of prevalence of tuberculosis in deer amongst studies conducted in mainland China.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Funnel plot with pseudo 95% confidence interval limits for the examination of publication bias.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Egger’s test for publication bias.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Sensitivity analysis.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Funnel plot with trim and fill analysis of the publication bias.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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