Cholesterol Absorption Inhibition by Some Nutraceuticals
- PMID: 38441025
- DOI: 10.2174/012772574X285280240220065812
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibition by Some Nutraceuticals
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia, characterized by elevated levels of lipids in the blood, represents a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Conventional pharmacological interventions have been effective in managing hyperlipidemia, but concerns about side effects and long-term use have prompted interest in alternative approaches, particularly the use of nutraceuticals. This comprehensive review aims to summarize and critically evaluate the current body of knowledge surrounding the role of nutraceuticals in the management of hyperlipidemia. We provide an overview of the different classes of nutraceuticals, including plant sterols, omega-3 fatty acids, soluble fiber, antioxidants, and various herbal extracts, which have been investigated for their lipid-lowering properties. The mechanisms of action of these nutraceuticals are discussed, highlighting their ability to modulate lipid metabolism, reduce oxidative stress, and promote cardiovascular health. Furthermore, we review the results of clinical trials and epidemiological studies that have assessed the efficacy of nutraceutical interventions in lowering cholesterol levels, improving lipid profiles, and reducing the risk of cardiovascular events. In addition to their lipid-lowering effects, we examine the safety profile, dosage recommendations, and potential interactions of nutraceuticals with conventional lipid-lowering medications. We also address the importance of patient adherence to dietary and lifestyle modifications in conjunction with nutraceutical supplementation. While nutraceuticals offer a promising avenue for managing hyperlipidemia, we emphasize the need for further research to establish evidence-based guidelines for their use in clinical practice. Challenges related to standardization, quality control, and regulatory considerations are also discussed. In conclusion, this comprehensive review provides valuable insights into the potential of nutraceuticals as adjunctive or alternative therapies for managing hyperlipidemia. While further research is needed, the accumulating evidence suggests that nutraceuticals can play a valuable role in promoting cardiovascular health and reducing the burden of hyperlipidemia-related diseases.
Keywords: Nutraceuticals; antioxidants.; cardiovascular diseases; hyperlipidemia; omega-3 fatty acids; soluble fiber.
Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.
Similar articles
-
Cholesterol-Lowering Nutraceuticals Affecting Vascular Function and Cardiovascular Disease Risk.Curr Cardiol Rep. 2018 May 25;20(7):53. doi: 10.1007/s11886-018-0994-7. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2018. PMID: 29802549 Review.
-
Nutraceuticals and functional foods in the management of hyperlipidemia.Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2014;54(9):1180-201. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2011.629354. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2014. PMID: 24499150 Review.
-
Beyond blood lipids: phytosterols, statins and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid therapy for hyperlipidemia.J Nutr Biochem. 2009 Dec;20(12):927-39. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.06.009. Epub 2009 Sep 3. J Nutr Biochem. 2009. PMID: 19733044 Review.
-
Diet and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Individuals with Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients. 2020 Aug 13;12(8):2436. doi: 10.3390/nu12082436. Nutrients. 2020. PMID: 32823643 Free PMC article.
-
Cholesterol-Lowering Bioactive Foods and Nutraceuticals in Pediatrics: Clinical Evidence of Efficacy and Safety.Nutrients. 2024 May 18;16(10):1526. doi: 10.3390/nu16101526. Nutrients. 2024. PMID: 38794764 Free PMC article. Review.
References
-
- Roth G.A.; Mensah G.A.; Johnson C.O.; Addolorato G.; Ammirati E.; Baddour L.M.; Barengo N.C.; Beaton A.Z.; Benjamin E.J.; Benziger C.P.; Bonny A.; Brauer M.; Brodmann M.; Cahill T.J.; Carapetis J.; Catapano A.L.; Chugh S.S.; Cooper L.T.; Coresh J.; Criqui M.; DeCleene N.; Eagle K.A.; Emmons-Bell S.; Feigin V.L.; Fernández-Solà J.; Fowkes G.; Gakidou E.; Grundy S.M.; He F.J.; Howard G.; Hu F.; Inker L.; Karthikeyan G.; Kassebaum N.; Koroshetz W.; Lavie C.; Lloyd-Jones D.; Lu H.S.; Mirijello A.; Temesgen A.M.; Mokdad A.; Moran A.E.; Muntner P.; Narula J.; Neal B.; Ntsekhe M.; Moraes de Oliveira G.; Otto C.; Owolabi M.; Pratt M.; Rajagopalan S.; Reitsma M.; Ribeiro A.L.P.; Rigotti N.; Rodgers A.; Sable C.; Shakil S.; Sliwa-Hahnle K.; Stark B.; Sundström J.; Timpel P.; Tleyjeh I.M.; Valgimigli M.; Vos T.; Whelton P.K.; Yacoub M.; Zuhlke L.; Murray C.; Fuster V.; Roth G.A.; Mensah G.A.; Johnson C.O.; Addolorato G.; Ammirati E.; Baddour L.M.; Barengo N.C.; Beaton A.; Benjamin E.J.; Benziger C.P.; Bonny A.; Brauer M.; Brodmann M.; Cahill T.J.; Carapetis J.R.; Catapano A.L.; Chugh S.; Cooper L.T.; Coresh J.; Criqui M.H.; DeCleene N.K.; Eagle K.A.; Emmons-Bell S.; Feigin V.L.; Fernández-Sola J.; Fowkes F.G.R.; Gakidou E.; Grundy S.M.; He F.J.; Howard G.; Hu F.; Inker L.; Karthikeyan G.; Kassebaum N.J.; Koroshetz W.J.; Lavie C.; Lloyd-Jones D.; Lu H.S.; Mirijello A.; Misganaw A.T.; Mokdad A.H.; Moran A.E.; Muntner P.; Narula J.; Neal B.; Ntsekhe M.; Oliveira G.M.M.; Otto C.M.; Owolabi M.O.; Pratt M.; Rajagopalan S.; Reitsma M.B.; Ribeiro A.L.P.; Rigotti N.A.; Rodgers A.; Sable C.A.; Shakil S.S.; Sliwa K.; Stark B.A.; Sundström J.; Timpel P.; Tleyjeh I.I.; Valgimigli M.; Vos T.; Whelton P.K.; Yacoub M.; Zuhlke L.J.; Abbasi-Kangevari M.; Abdi A.; Abedi A.; Aboyans V.; Abrha W.A.; Abu-Gharbieh E.; Abushouk A.I.; Acharya D.; Adair T.; Adebayo O.M.; Ademi Z.; Advani S.M.; Afshari K.; Afshin A.; Agarwal G.; Agasthi P.; Ahmad S.; Ahmadi S.; Ahmed M.B.; Aji B.; Akalu Y.; Akande-Sholabi W.; Aklilu A.; Akunna C.J.; Alahdab F.; Al-Eyadhy A.; Alhabib K.F.; Alif S.M.; Alipour V.; Aljunid S.M.; Alla F.; Almasi-Hashiani A.; Almustanyir S.; Al-Raddadi R.M.; Amegah A.K.; Amini S.; Aminorroaya A.; Amu H.; Amugsi D.A.; Ancuceanu R.; Anderlini D.; Andrei T.; Andrei C.L.; Ansari-Moghaddam A.; Anteneh Z.A.; Antonazzo I.C.; Antony B.; Anwer R.; Appiah L.T.; Arabloo J.; Ärnlöv J.; Artanti K.D.; Ataro Z.; Ausloos M.; Avila-Burgos L.; Awan A.T.; Awoke M.A.; Ayele H.T.; Ayza M.A.; Azari S.; B, D.B.; Baheiraei, N.; Baig, A.A.; Bakhtiari, A.; Banach, M.; Banik, P.C.; Baptista, E.A.; Barboza, M.A.; Barua, L.; Basu, S.; Bedi, N.; Béjot, Y.; Bennett, D.A.; Bensenor, I.M.; Berman, A.E.; Bezabih, Y.M.; Bhagavathula, A.S.; Bhaskar, S.; Bhattacharyya, K.; Bijani, A.; Bikbov, B.; Birhanu, M.M.; Boloor, A.; Brant, L.C.; Brenner, H.; Briko, N.I.; Butt, Z.A.; Caetano dos Santos, F.L.; Cahill, L.E.; Cahuana-Hurtado, L.; Cámera, L.A.; Campos-Nonato, I.R.; Cantu-Brito, C.; Car, J.; Carrero, J.J.; Carvalho, F.; Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A.; Catalá-López, F.; Cerin, E.; Charan, J.; Chattu, V.K.; Chen, S.; Chin, K.L.; Choi, J-Y.J.; Chu, D-T.; Chung, S-C.; Cirillo, M.; Coffey, S.; Conti, S.; Costa, V.M.; Cundiff, D.K.; Dadras, O.; Dagnew, B.; Dai, X.; Damasceno, A.A.M.; Dandona, L.; Dandona, R.; Davletov, K.; De la Cruz-Góngora, V.; De la Hoz, F.P.; De Neve, J-W.; Denova-Gutiérrez, E.; Derbew Molla, M.; Derseh, B.T.; Desai, R.; Deuschl, G.; Dharmaratne, S.D.; Dhimal, M.; Dhungana, R.R.; Dianatinasab, M.; Diaz, D.; Djalalinia, S.; Dokova, K.; Douiri, A.; Duncan, B.B.; Duraes, A.R.; Eagan, A.W.; Ebtehaj, S.; Eftekhari, A.; Eftekharzadeh, S.; Ekholuenetale, M.; El Nahas, N.; Elgendy, I.Y.; Elhadi, M.; El-Jaafary, S.I.; Esteghamati, S.; Etisso, A.E.; Eyawo, O.; Fadhil, I.; Faraon, E.J.A.; Faris, P.S.; Farwati, M.; Farzadfar, F.; Fernandes, E.; Fernandez Prendes, C.; Ferrara, P.; Filip, I.; Fischer, F.; Flood, D.; Fukumoto, T.; Gad, M.M.; Gaidhane, S.; Ganji, M.; Garg, J.; Gebre, A.K.; Gebregiorgis, B.G.; Gebregzabiher, K.Z.; Gebremeskel, G.G.; Getacher, L.; Obsa, A.G.; Ghajar, A.; Ghashghaee, A.; Ghith, N.; Giampaoli, S.; Gilani, S.A.; Gill, P.S.; Gillum, R.F.; Glushkova, E.V.; Gnedovskaya, E.V.; Golechha, M.; Gonfa, K.B.; Goudarzian, A.H.; Goulart, A.C.; Guadamuz, J.S.; Guha, A.; Guo, Y.; Gupta, R.; Hachinski, V.; Hafezi-Nejad, N.; Haile, T.G.; Hamadeh, R.R.; Hamidi, S.; Hankey, G.J.; Hargono, A.; Hartono, R.K.; Hashemian, M.; Hashi, A.; Hassan, S.; Hassen, H.Y.; Havmoeller, R.J.; Hay, S.I.; Hayat, K.; Heidari, G.; Herteliu, C.; Holla, R.; Hosseini, M.; Hosseinzadeh, M.; Hostiuc, M.; Hostiuc, S.; Househ, M.; Huang, J.; Humayun, A.; Iavicoli, I.; Ibeneme, C.U.; Ibitoye, S.E.; Ilesanmi, O.S.; Ilic, I.M.; Ilic, M.D.; Iqbal, U.; Irvani, S.S.N.; Islam, S.M.S.; Islam, R.M.; Iso, H.; Iwagami, M.; Jain, V.; Javaheri, T.; Jayapal, S.K.; Jayaram, S.; Jayawardena, R.; Jeemon, P.; Jha, R.P.; Jonas, J.B.; Jonnagaddala, J.; Joukar, F.; Jozwiak, J.J.; Jürisson, M.; Kabir, A.; Kahlon, T.; Kalani, R.; Kalhor, R.; Kamath, A.; Kamel, I.; Kandel, H.; Kandel, A.; Karch, A.; Kasa, A.S.; Katoto, P.D.M.C.; Kayode, G.A.; Khader, Y.S.; Khammarnia, M.; Khan, M.S.; Khan, M.N.; Khan, M.; Khan, E.A.; Khatab, K.; Kibria, G.M.A.; Kim, Y.J.; Kim, G.R.; Kimokoti, R.W.; Kisa, S.; Kisa, A.; Kivimäki, M.; Kolte, D.; Koolivand, A.; Korshunov, V.A.; Koulmane Laxminarayana, S.L.; Koyanagi, A.; Krishan, K.; Krishnamoorthy, V.; Kuate Defo, B.; Kucuk Bicer, B.; Kulkarni, V.; Kumar, G.A.; Kumar, N.; Kurmi, O.P.; Kusuma, D.; Kwan, G.F.; La Vecchia, C.; Lacey, B.; Lallukka, T.; Lan, Q.; Lasrado, S.; Lassi, Z.S.; Lauriola, P.; Lawrence, W.R.; Laxmaiah, A.; LeGrand, K.E.; Li, M-C.; Li, B.; Li, S.; Lim, S.S.; Lim, L-L.; Lin, H.; Lin, Z.; Lin, R-T.; Liu, X.; Lopez, A.D.; Lorkowski, S.; Lotufo, P.A.; Lugo, A.; M, N.K.; Madotto, F.; Mahmoudi, M.; Majeed, A.; Malekzadeh, R.; Malik, A.A.; Mamun, A.A.; Manafi, N.; Mansournia, M.A.; Mantovani, L.G.; Martini, S.; Mathur, M.R.; Mazzaglia, G.; Mehata, S.; Mehndiratta, M.M.; Meier, T.; Menezes, R.G.; Meretoja, A.; Mestrovic, T.; Miazgowski, B.; Miazgowski, T.; Michalek, I.M.; Miller, T.R.; Mirrakhimov, E.M.; Mirzaei, H.; Moazen, B.; Moghadaszadeh, M.; Mohammad, Y.; Mohammad, D.K.; Mohammed, S.; Mohammed, M.A.; Mokhayeri, Y.; Molokhia, M.; Montasir, A.A.; Moradi, G.; Moradzadeh, R.; Moraga, P.; Morawska, L.; Moreno Velásquez, I.; Morze, J.; Mubarik, S.; Muruet, W.; Musa, K.I.; Nagarajan, A.J.; Nalini, M.; Nangia, V.; Naqvi, A.A.; Narasimha Swamy, S.; Nascimento, B.R.; Nayak, V.C.; Nazari, J.; Nazarzadeh, M.; Negoi, R.I.; Neupane Kandel, S.; Nguyen, H.L.T.; Nixon, M.R.; Norrving, B.; Noubiap, J.J.; Nouthe, B.E.; Nowak, C.; Odukoya, O.O.; Ogbo, F.A.; Olagunju, A.T.; Orru, H.; Ortiz, A.; Ostroff, S.M.; Padubidri, J.R.; Palladino, R.; Pana, A.; Panda-Jonas, S.; Parekh, U.; Park, E-C.; Parvizi, M.; Pashazadeh Kan, F.; Patel, U.K.; Pathak, M.; Paudel, R.; Pepito, V.C.F.; Perianayagam, A.; Perico, N.; Pham, H.Q.; Pilgrim, T.; Piradov, M.A.; Pishgar, F.; Podder, V.; Polibin, R.V.; Pourshams, A.; Pribadi, D.R.A.; Rabiee, N.; Rabiee, M.; Radfar, A.; Rafiei, A.; Rahim, F.; Rahimi-Movaghar, V.; Ur Rahman, M.H.; Rahman, M.A.; Rahmani, A.M.; Rakovac, I.; Ram, P.; Ramalingam, S.; Rana, J.; Ranasinghe, P.; Rao, S.J.; Rathi, P.; Rawal, L.; Rawasia, W.F.; Rawassizadeh, R.; Remuzzi, G.; Renzaho, A.M.N.; Rezapour, A.; Riahi, S.M.; Roberts-Thomson, R.L.; Roever, L.; Rohloff, P.; Romoli, M.; Roshandel, G.; Rwegerera, G.M.; Saadatagah, S.; Saber-Ayad, M.M.; Sabour, S.; Sacco, S.; Sadeghi, M.; Saeedi Moghaddam, S.; Safari, S.; Sahebkar, A.; Salehi, S.; Salimzadeh, H.; Samaei, M.; Samy, A.M.; Santos, I.S.; Santric-Milicevic, M.M.; Sarrafzadegan, N.; Sarveazad, A.; Sathish, T.; Sawhney, M.; Saylan, M.; Schmidt, M.I.; Schutte, A.E.; Senthilkumaran, S.; Sepanlou, S.G.; Sha, F.; Shahabi, S.; Shahid, I.; Shaikh, M.A.; Shamali, M.; Shamsizadeh, M.; Shawon, M.S.R.; Sheikh, A.; Shigematsu, M.; Shin, M-J.; Shin, J.I.; Shiri, R.; Shiue, I.; Shuval, K.; Siabani, S.; Siddiqi, T.J.; Silva, D.A.S.; Singh, J.A.; Mtech, A.S.; Skryabin, V.Y.; Skryabina, A.A.; Soheili, A.; Spurlock, E.E.; Stockfelt, L.; Stortecky, S.; Stranges, S.; Suliankatchi Abdulkader, R.; Tadbiri, H.; Tadesse, E.G.; Tadesse, D.B.; Tajdini, M.; Tariqujjaman, M.; Teklehaimanot, B.F.; Temsah, M-H.; Tesema, A.K.; Thakur, B.; Thankappan, K.R.; Thapar, R.; Thrift, A.G.; Timalsina, B.; Tonelli, M.; Touvier, M.; Tovani-Palone, M.R.; Tripathi, A.; Tripathy, J.P.; Truelsen, T.C.; Tsegay, G.M.; Tsegaye, G.W.; Tsilimparis, N.; Tusa, B.S.; Tyrovolas, S.; Umapathi, K.K.; Unim, B.; Unnikrishnan, B.; Usman, M.S.; Vaduganathan, M.; Valdez, P.R.; Vasankari, T.J.; Velazquez, D.Z.; Venketasubramanian, N.; Vu, G.T.; Vujcic, I.S.; Waheed, Y.; Wang, Y.; Wang, F.; Wei, J.; Weintraub, R.G.; Weldemariam, A.H.; Westerman, R.; Winkler, A.S.; Wiysonge, C.S.; Wolfe, C.D.A.; Wubishet, B.L.; Xu, G.; Yadollahpour, A.; Yamagishi, K.; Yan, L.L.; Yandrapalli, S.; Yano, Y.; Yatsuya, H.; Yeheyis, T.Y.; Yeshaw, Y.; Yilgwan, C.S.; Yonemoto, N.; Yu, C.; Yusefzadeh, H.; Zachariah, G.; Zaman, S.B.; Zaman, M.S.; Zamanian, M.; Zand, R.; Zandifar, A.; Zarghi, A.; Zastrozhin, M.S.; Zastrozhina, A.; Zhang, Z-J.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, W.; Zhong, C.; Zou, Z.; Zuniga, Y.M.H.; Murray, C.J.L.; Fuster, V. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990–2019. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020,76(25),2982-3021 - DOI - PubMed
-
- Enkhmaa B.; Surampudi P.; Anuurad E.; Berglund L.; Lifestyle changes: Effect of diet, exercise, functional food, and obesity treatment on lipids and lipoproteins. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK326737/ (Accessed Oct. 31, 2023).
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical