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. 2025 Feb;97(2):568-576.
doi: 10.1038/s41390-024-03107-5. Epub 2024 Mar 5.

Global, regional, and national burden of type 1 diabetes in adolescents and young adults

Boshen Gong  1 , Wanyu Yang  1 , Yumin Xing  1 , Yaxin Lai  2 , Zhongyan Shan  3
Affiliations

Global, regional, and national burden of type 1 diabetes in adolescents and young adults

Boshen Gong et al. Pediatr Res. 2025 Feb.

Abstract

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) incidence in adolescents varies widely, but has increased globally in recent years. This study reports T1D burden among adolescents and young adults aged 10-24-year-old age group at global, regional, and national levels.

Methods: Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, we described the burden of T1D in the 10-24-year-old age group. We further analyzed these trends by age, sex, and the Social Development Index. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to assess temporal trends.

Results: T1D incidence among adolescents and young adults increased from 7·78 per 100,000 population (95% UI, 5·27-10·60) in 1990 to 11·07 per 100,000 population (95% UI, 7·42-15·34) in 2019. T1D mortality increased from 5701·19 (95% UI, 4642·70-6444·08) in 1990 to 6,123·04 (95% UI, 5321·82-6887·08) in 2019, representing a 7·40% increase in mortality. The European region had the highest T1D incidence in 2019. Middle-SDI countries exhibited the largest increase in T1D incidence between 1990 and 2019.

Conclusion: T1D is a growing health concern globally, and T1D burden more heavily affects countries with low SDI. Specific measures and effective collaboration among countries with different SDIs are required to improve diabetes care in adolescents.

Impact: We assessed trends in T1D incidence and burden among youth in the 10-24-year-old age group by evaluating data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Our results demonstrated that global T1D incidence in this age group increased over the past 30 years, with the European region having the highest T1D incidence. Specific measures and effective collaboration among countries with different SDIs are required to improve diabetes care in adolescents.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Global trends in T1D among adolescents by Joinpoint regression analysis (1990-2019).
Joinpoint regression analysis of global T1D prevalence (a), incidence (b), mortality (c), and DALYs (d) in adolescents and young adults aged 10–24 years from 1990 to 2019. DALY disability-adjusted life year, AAPC average annual percentage change, APC annual percentage change.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. Global trends in T1D among adolescents in 204 countries and territories.
Global map of 2019 prevalence (a), incidence (b), deaths (c), and DALYs (d) of T1D among adolescents from 1990 to 2019. DALY disability-adjusted life year.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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