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. 2024 Dec 31;20(1):2323853.
doi: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2323853. Epub 2024 Mar 6.

Factors influencing adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination

Paola Villanueva  1   2   3   4 , Ellie McDonald  2 , Julio Croda  5   6   7 , Mariana Garcia Croda  5 , Margareth Dalcolmo  8   9 , Glauce Dos Santos  8 , Bruno Jardim  10   11 , Marcus Lacerda  10 , David J Lynn  12   13 , Helen Marshall  14 , Roberto D Oliveira  15   16 , Jorge Rocha  8 , Alice Sawka  17   18 , Fernando Val  10   11 , Laure F Pittet  1   2   3   19 , Nicole L Messina  1   2 , Nigel Curtis  1   2   3
Affiliations

Factors influencing adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination

Paola Villanueva et al. Hum Vaccin Immunother. .

Abstract

Various novel platform technologies have been used for the development of COVID-19 vaccines. In this nested cohort study among healthcare workers in Australia and Brazil who received three different COVID-19-specific vaccines, we (a) evaluated the incidence of adverse events following immunization (AEFI); (b) compared AEFI by vaccine type, dose and country; (c) identified factors influencing the incidence of AEFI; and (d) assessed the association between reactogenicity and vaccine anti-spike IgG antibody responses. Of 1302 participants who received homologous 2-dose regimens of ChAdOx1-S (Oxford-AstraZeneca), BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or CoronaVac (Sinovac), 1219 (94%) completed vaccine reaction questionnaires. Following the first vaccine dose, the incidence of any systemic reaction was higher in ChAdOx1-S recipients (374/806, 46%) compared with BNT162b2 (55/151, 36%; p = 0.02) or CoronaVac (26/262, 10%; p < 0.001) recipients. After the second vaccine dose, the incidence of any systemic reaction was higher in BNT162b2 recipients (66/151, 44%) compared with ChAdOx1-S (164/806, 20%; p < 0.001) or CoronaVac (23/262, 9%; p < 0.001) recipients. AEFI risk was higher in younger participants, females, participants in Australia, and varied by vaccine type and dose. Prior COVID-19 did not impact the risk of AEFI. Participants in Australia compared with Brazil reported a higher incidence of any local reaction (170/231, 74% vs 222/726, 31%, p < 0.001) and any systemic reaction (171/231, 74% vs 328/726, 45%, p < 0.001), regardless of vaccine type. Following a primary course of ChAdOx1-S or CoronaVac vaccination, participants who did not report AEFI seroconverted at a similar rate to those who reported local or systemic reactions. In conclusion, we found that the incidence of AEFI was influenced by participant age and COVID-19 vaccine type, and differed between participants in Australia and Brazil.

Keywords: COVID-19 vaccine; adverse events; antibody responses.

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Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Participants who received homologous COVID-19 vaccine doses.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Proportion of participants who reported adverse events in the 7 days following COVID-19 vaccination, by vaccine type and dose.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Proportion of participants who reported adverse events in the 7 days following COVID-19 vaccination by country and vaccine type for (a) first vaccine dose and (b) second vaccine dose.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Geometric mean ratio of anti-spike IgG responses by reaction types following COVID-19 vaccination with (a) ChAdOx1-S and (b) CoronaVac.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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