Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Dec 31;20(1):2323853.
doi: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2323853. Epub 2024 Mar 6.

Factors influencing adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination

Paola Villanueva  1   2   3   4 , Ellie McDonald  2 , Julio Croda  5   6   7 , Mariana Garcia Croda  5 , Margareth Dalcolmo  8   9 , Glauce Dos Santos  8 , Bruno Jardim  10   11 , Marcus Lacerda  10 , David J Lynn  12   13 , Helen Marshall  14 , Roberto D Oliveira  15   16 , Jorge Rocha  8 , Alice Sawka  17   18 , Fernando Val  10   11 , Laure F Pittet  1   2   3   19 , Nicole L Messina  1   2 , Nigel Curtis  1   2   3
Affiliations

Factors influencing adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination

Paola Villanueva et al. Hum Vaccin Immunother. .

Abstract

Various novel platform technologies have been used for the development of COVID-19 vaccines. In this nested cohort study among healthcare workers in Australia and Brazil who received three different COVID-19-specific vaccines, we (a) evaluated the incidence of adverse events following immunization (AEFI); (b) compared AEFI by vaccine type, dose and country; (c) identified factors influencing the incidence of AEFI; and (d) assessed the association between reactogenicity and vaccine anti-spike IgG antibody responses. Of 1302 participants who received homologous 2-dose regimens of ChAdOx1-S (Oxford-AstraZeneca), BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or CoronaVac (Sinovac), 1219 (94%) completed vaccine reaction questionnaires. Following the first vaccine dose, the incidence of any systemic reaction was higher in ChAdOx1-S recipients (374/806, 46%) compared with BNT162b2 (55/151, 36%; p = 0.02) or CoronaVac (26/262, 10%; p < 0.001) recipients. After the second vaccine dose, the incidence of any systemic reaction was higher in BNT162b2 recipients (66/151, 44%) compared with ChAdOx1-S (164/806, 20%; p < 0.001) or CoronaVac (23/262, 9%; p < 0.001) recipients. AEFI risk was higher in younger participants, females, participants in Australia, and varied by vaccine type and dose. Prior COVID-19 did not impact the risk of AEFI. Participants in Australia compared with Brazil reported a higher incidence of any local reaction (170/231, 74% vs 222/726, 31%, p < 0.001) and any systemic reaction (171/231, 74% vs 328/726, 45%, p < 0.001), regardless of vaccine type. Following a primary course of ChAdOx1-S or CoronaVac vaccination, participants who did not report AEFI seroconverted at a similar rate to those who reported local or systemic reactions. In conclusion, we found that the incidence of AEFI was influenced by participant age and COVID-19 vaccine type, and differed between participants in Australia and Brazil.

Keywords: COVID-19 vaccine; adverse events; antibody responses.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Participants who received homologous COVID-19 vaccine doses.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Proportion of participants who reported adverse events in the 7 days following COVID-19 vaccination, by vaccine type and dose.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Proportion of participants who reported adverse events in the 7 days following COVID-19 vaccination by country and vaccine type for (a) first vaccine dose and (b) second vaccine dose.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Geometric mean ratio of anti-spike IgG responses by reaction types following COVID-19 vaccination with (a) ChAdOx1-S and (b) CoronaVac.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. World Health Organization . Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. 2023. [accessed 2023 May 25]. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019.
    1. World Health Organization . COVID-19 vaccine tracker. 2022. Dec 2 [accessed 2023 Aug 28]. https://covid19.trackvaccines.org/agency/who/.
    1. Mathieu E, Ritchie H, Rodés-Guirao L, Appel C, Giattino C, Hasell J, Macdonald B, Dattani S, Beltekian D, O-O E. et al. Our world in data: coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccinations. 2023. [accessed 2023 Aug 28]. https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus.
    1. Lazarus JV, Wyka K, White TM, Picchio CA, Rabin K, Ratzan SC, Parsons Leigh J, Hu J, El-Mohandes A. Revisiting COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy around the world using data from 23 countries in 2021. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):3801. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31441-x. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Troiano G, Nardi A. Vaccine hesitancy in the era of COVID-19. Public Health. 2021;194:245–10. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.02.025. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types