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. 2024 Jul-Aug;18(4):397-403.
doi: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000001298. Epub 2024 Mar 6.

Impact of Nicotine Replacement Therapy Sampling on Cessation-Related Processes

Michelle L Sisson  1 , Jamie M Gajos, Caitlin Wolford-Clevenger, Keith R Chichester, Elizabeth S Hawes, Samantha V Hill, Richard C Shelton, Peter S Hendricks, Michael S Businelle, Matthew J Carpenter, Karen L Cropsey
Affiliations

Impact of Nicotine Replacement Therapy Sampling on Cessation-Related Processes

Michelle L Sisson et al. J Addict Med. 2024 Jul-Aug.

Abstract

Objectives: Smoking prevalence remains high among low-income smokers. Understanding processes (eg, withdrawal, craving, motivation) in early smoking cessation is crucially important for designing effective interventions for this population.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a novel, in-session sampling intervention (ie, In Vivo) as compared with standard care behavioral smoking cessation counseling (SC) among community-dwelling low-income smokers (n = 83). This analysis examined the effect of 5 in-session sampling interventions on cessation-related processes and perceived advantages or disadvantages of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) products over time using daily diaries.

Results: The In Vivo treatment had an early positive impact in terms of decreasing withdrawal symptoms and cravings, and increasing perceived advantages to NRT, with moderate to large effect sizes. Results also showed that the treatment effectively reduced withdrawal symptoms and cravings in-session, with small-to-medium and medium-to-large effect sizes, respectively. In-session reduction of withdrawal symptoms and cravings did not occur for the SC group, with the exception of decreased withdrawal symptoms occurring during week 4. The In Vivo treatment did not impact quit goal, desire to quit, abstinence self-efficacy, perceived difficulty in quitting, motivational engagement, or perceived disadvantages to NRT. The In Vivo group reported less daily cigarette use relative to the SC group, in addition to reporting less cigarette use on days they reported greater combination NRT use.

Conclusions: There is preliminary support for this In Vivo treatment over SC in reducing withdrawal, craving, and the number of cigarettes smoked per day, as well as promoting perceived advantages of NRT among low-income smokers.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03276780.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Interests: Dr. Carpenter has received consulting honoraria from Pfizer and Frutarom Inc. Dr. Businelle is the primary inventor of the Insight mHealth Platform, which was used in the current study. He receives royalties related to its use.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Within Session Changes in Cravings (Panel A) and Withdrawal Symptoms (Panel B) between Treatment Groups over Time Note: ***p <.001, **p <.01, *p < .05; Changes in cravings and withdrawal symptoms are compared and reported for the intervention period (Weeks 1–5).
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