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Review
. 2024 Mar 5;12(1):2324091.
doi: 10.1080/21642850.2024.2324091. eCollection 2024.

Prevalence of diabetes distress among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ratnesh Sinha  1 , Angelin Priya  1 , Anuvi Sinha  2 , Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman  1
Affiliations
Review

Prevalence of diabetes distress among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ratnesh Sinha et al. Health Psychol Behav Med. .

Abstract

Introduction: The burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in India is on the rise, with projections indicating a staggering 134 million cases by 2045. Managing T2DM demands strict adherence, often resulting in mental strain and burnout. Diabetes distress (DD), a unique psychological burden, significantly affects motivation and self-care, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality.

Material and methods: This study was conducted by doing a comprehensive literature search using PubMed (MEDLINE) and EMBASE databases for studies published from their inception to 14th August 2023 by using relevant keywords. The protocol is registered in PROSPERO and adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. Selected articles were meticulously screened based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal scale for cross-sectional study was used for assessing the study quality. Data analysis was done by using Jamovi 2.3.24 software.

Results: Following the systematic search and screening process, 10 cross-sectional studies were identified, comprising a total of 2,107 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. All studies employed the Diabetes Distress Scale-17 (DDS-17) for measurement. The prevalence of DD varied, ranging from 8.45% to 61.48%. The pooled prevalence of DD in T2DM patients in India was estimated at 33% (95% CI: 21%-45%) with substantial heterogeneity observed (I2 = 97.33%, P < 0.001). While an asymmetric funnel plot suggested potential publication bias, sensitivity analysis reinforced the robustness of our findings.

Conclusion: Policymakers, clinicians, and researchers can leverage these insights to prioritize the psychological well-being of T2DM patients, ultimately improving their overall health outcomes. This study aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and India's national health policy, emphasizing the urgency of screening and treating diabetes-related distress by 2025.

Keywords: Diabetes distress; India; T2DM; meta-analysis; prevalence; systematic review; type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Figures

Flowchart representing the search strategy and screening process of articles.
Figure 1.
PRISMA Flowchart.
Findings of the meta-analyses showing the prevalence of diabetes distress in people with T2DM.
Figure 2.
Forest-plot reporting Prevalence of DD in T2DM.
By Double Arcsine Transform proportion we represent different heterogeneity found in the shortlisted study for analysis.
Figure 3.
Funnel plot: Double Arcsine Transform proportion for the heterogeneity of the study.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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