Unveiling the pharmacological potential of Coelogyne suaveolens: An investigation of its diverse pharmacological activities by in vivo and computational studies

Abstract

The medicinal potential of Coelogyne suaveolens, a traditional medicinal plant, was investigated through in vivo and molecular docking studies. The ethyl acetate fraction of the plant's acetonic extract was subjected to various bioactivity tests to assess its analgesic, anxiolytic, and sedative effects on Swiss albino mice. Furthermore, we used GCMS to identify the bioactive chemicals in the extract's ethyl acetate fraction. The root and bulb extracts demonstrated significant analgesic activity in acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate, and tail immersion tests in a dose-dependent manner when compared to the control. Again, the extract exhibited moderate anxiolytic activity in the elevated plus maze test at a dosage of 400 mg/kg body weight, while the root extract showed significant anxiolytic activity in the hole board test at the same dosage. Significant sedative activity was observed in the hole cross, open field, and rotarod tests at a dosage of 400 mg/kg. According to molecular docking studies, the extract has the potential to serve as an analgesic medication by reducing the enzymatic activity of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2. Overall, the findings suggest that C. suaveolens has substantial therapeutic potential for the development of novel treatments for pain, anxiety, and sleep disorders.

Keywords: Coelogyne suaveolens; GCMS; analgesic; anxiolytic; computational work; sedative activity.

FIGURE 1

Coelogyne suaveolens ethyl acetate fraction's GC–MS chromatogram (Bulb).

FIGURE 2

Coelogyne suaveolens ethyl acetate fraction's GC–MS chromatogram (Root).

FIGURE 3a

Molecular docking interaction of compounds against Cyclooxygenase‐1 (PDB ID: 5wbe): (a1) 1,6‐Octadien‐3‐ol,3,7‐dimethyl‐, (a2) Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptan‐3‐one,2,6,6‐trimethyl‐, (1.alpha.,2.beta.,5.alpha.)‐, (a3) Isopulegol, (a4) 3,6‐Dimethyl‐2,3,3a,4,5,7a‐hexahydrobenzofuran, (a5) Geranyl Acetate, (a6) 9,12‐Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)‐, and (a7) Alpha Linolenic Acid.

FIGURE 3b

Molecular docking interaction of compounds against Cyclooxygenase‐2 (PDB ID: 5ikq): (b1) 1,6‐Octadien‐3‐ol,3,7‐dimethyl‐, (b2) Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptan‐3‐one,2,6,6‐trimethyl‐, (1.alpha.,2.beta.,5.alpha.)‐, (b3) Isopulegol, (b4) 3,6‐Dimethyl‐2,3,3a,4,5,7a‐hexahydrobenzofuran, (b5) Geranyl Acetate, (b6) 9,12‐Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)‐, and (b7) Alpha Linolenic Acid.