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Review
. 2024 Jun;75(2):177-182.
doi: 10.1007/s42977-024-00213-7. Epub 2024 Mar 8.

Chromosomal R-loops: who R they?

Lóránt Székvölgyi  1
Affiliations
Review

Chromosomal R-loops: who R they?

Lóránt Székvölgyi. Biol Futur. 2024 Jun.

Abstract

R-loops, composed of DNA-RNA hybrids and displaced single-stranded DNA, are known to pose a severe threat to genome integrity. Therefore, extensive research has focused on identifying regulatory proteins involved in controlling R-loop levels. These proteins play critical roles in preventing R-loop accumulation and associated genome instability. Herein I summarize recent knowledge on R-loop regulators affecting R-loop homeostasis, involving a wide array of R-loop screening methods that have enabled their characterization, from forward genetic and siRNA-based screens to proximity labeling and machine learning. These approaches not only deepen our understanding on R-loop formation processes, but also hold promise to find new targets in R-loop dysregulation associated with human pathologies.

Keywords: R-loop disorder; R-loop regulator; R-loop screen; RNA-DNA hybrid.

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