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. 2024 Mar 8;14(1):5698.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-56258-0.

Doppler ultrasonographic scan, gene expression and serum profile of immune, APPs and antioxidant markers in Egyptian buffalo-cows with clinical endometritis

Ahmed El-Sayed  1 , Mohamed Refaai  2 , Ahmed Ateya  3
Affiliations

Doppler ultrasonographic scan, gene expression and serum profile of immune, APPs and antioxidant markers in Egyptian buffalo-cows with clinical endometritis

Ahmed El-Sayed et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

The objective of this study was to elaborate Doppler ultrasonographic scan, genetic resistance and serum profile of markers associated with endometritis susceptibility in Egyptian buffalo-cows. The enrolled animals were designed as; twenty five apparently healthy buffalo-cows considered as a control group and twenty five infected buffalo with endometritis. There were significant (p < 0.05) increased of cervical diameter, endometrium thickness, uterine horn diameter, TAMEAN, TAMAX and blood flow through middle uterine artery with significant decrease of PI and RI values in endometritis buffalo-cows. Gene expression levels were considerably higher in endometritis-affected buffaloes than in resistant ones for the genes A2M, ADAMTS20, KCNT2, MAP3K4, MAPK14, FKBP5, FCAMR, TLR2, IRAK3, CCl2, EPHA4, and iNOS. The RXFP1, NDUFS5, TGF-β, SOD3, CAT, and GPX genes were expressed at substantially lower levels in endometritis-affected buffaloes. The PCR-DNA sequence verdicts of healthy and affected buffaloes revealed differences in the SNPs in the amplified DNA bases related to endometritis for the investigated genes. However, MAP3K4 elicited a monomorphic pattern. There was a significant decrease of red blood cells (RBCs) count, Hb and packed cell volume (PCV) with neutrophilia, lymphocytosis and monocytosis in endometritis group compared with healthy ones. The serum levels of Hp, SAA, Cp, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, NO and MDA were significantly (P˂0.05) increased, along with reduction of CAT, GPx, SOD and TAC in buffalo-cows with endometritis compared to healthy ones. The variability of Doppler ultrasonographic scan and studied genes alongside alterations in the serum profile of investigated markers could be a reference guide for limiting buffalo endometritis through selective breeding of natural resistant animals.

Keywords: Antioxidants; Buffaloes; Endometritis; Gene expression; Immunity; Single nucleotide polymorphisms; Transrectal Doppler ultrasound.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Ultrasonographic images of endometritis in buffalo cow characterized by a distended lumen filled to a varying degree with partially echogenic, ‘snowy’ patches (yellow arrow) and intrauterine heterogeneous content (white arrow).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Doppler sonogram images illustrate waveform of at mid‐estrus buffalo cow; Waveforms diagnosed with clinical endometritis characterized by low RI and PI with significant (p < 0.05) increased of TAMEAN (cm/sec) and TAMAX (cm/sec).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Different immune gene transcript levels between normal and endometritis affected buffaloes. The symbol *denotes significance when p < 0.05.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Different metabolic gene transcript levels between normal and endometritis affected buffaloes. The symbol *denotes significance when p < 0.05.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Different antioxidant gene transcript levels between normal and endometritis affected buffaloes. The symbol *denotes significance when p < 0.05.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Transrectal ultrasonography, (A): Cervical diameter, (B): Uterine horn diameter, (C): Uterine thickness.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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