Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024;37(1):230-245.
doi: 10.1080/09518398.2022.2035450. Epub 2022 May 10.

The role of education and income as protective factors against intimate partner violence and HIV exposure among Kenyan women

Eusebius Small  1 , Silviya Pavlova Nikolova  2 , Saltanat Childress  1 , Carmen Logie  3
Affiliations

The role of education and income as protective factors against intimate partner violence and HIV exposure among Kenyan women

Eusebius Small et al. Int J Qual Stud Educ. 2024.

Abstract

Introduction: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health problem that impacts approximately one in three women worldwide in their life-time. The purpose of the study was to explore the lived experiences of women teachers and violence in Kenya. It also explores the intersection between intimate partner violence, HIV risk, and gender inequality.

Method: Data were collected through two focus groups of a total of 15 women teachers. We recruited women ages 21-44 from two geographically diverse urban and rural schools. The data were analyzed using a thematic analysis method to identify text themes and meaning patterns.

Results: Three contextual experiences emerged: socio-cultural influences of gender norms, masculinity and patriarchy; uneven power dynamics; and institutionalized gender inequality.

Discussion: Findings suggest that education alone is not sufficient to end GBV. Comprehensive and gender transformative governmental policy approaches are needed to mitigate GBV in Kenya.

Keywords: HIV/AIDS; Intimate partner violence; cultural norms; gender-based violence; intimate partner violence.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure statement No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

References

    1. Abramsky T, Watts CH, Garcia-Moreno C, Devries K, Kiss L, Ellsberg M, Jansen HAFM, & Heise L (2011). What factors are associated with recent intimate partner violence? Findings from the WHO multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence. BMC Public Health, 11(1), 109. 10.1186/1471-2458-11-109 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Akl Moanack MP, Pérez AC, Díaz NB, & Cardona MLY (2016). Beliefs on restorative justice of ten women victims of domestic violence. Ratio Juris, 11(22), 91–116. 10.24142/raju.v11n22a4 - DOI
    1. Balogun MO, & John-Akinola YO (2015). A qualitative study of intimate partner violence among women in Nigeria. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 30(14), 2410–2427. 10.1177/0886260514553112 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Bandiera O, Buehren N, Burgess R, Goldstein M, Gulesci S, Rasul I, & Sulaiman M (2012). Empowering adolescent girls: Evidence from a randomized control trail in Uganda. World Bank. 10.1596/25529 - DOI
    1. Berube A, & Katz B (2005, October 1). Katrina’s Window: Confronting concentrated poverty across America. The Brookings Institution. https://www.brookings.edu/research/katrinas-window-confronting-concentra...

LinkOut - more resources