Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Feb;27(2):159-163.
doi: 10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_211_23. Epub 2024 Feb 8.

Comparative evaluation of antifungal activity of Sodium Hypochlorite, Calcium Hypochlorite and modified Salt Solution associated with passive ultrasonic irrigation against Candida albicans - An In-Vitro study

Helen Thomas  1 , D N Nirupama  1 , Mohan Thomas Nainan  1 , D N Naveen  1 , C Y Ranjini  2 , R Vijay  1
Affiliations

Comparative evaluation of antifungal activity of Sodium Hypochlorite, Calcium Hypochlorite and modified Salt Solution associated with passive ultrasonic irrigation against Candida albicans - An In-Vitro study

Helen Thomas et al. J Conserv Dent Endod. 2024 Feb.

Abstract

Aim: The study evaluated the antifungal activity of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), calcium hypochlorite (Ca(OCl)2), and modified salt solution (MSS) assisted with passive ultrasonic irrigation against Candida albicans.

Materials and methods: One hundred and thirty-six single-rooted premolars were decoronated and enlarged up to a file #45, autoclaved, inoculated with C. albicans, and incubated for 72 h. The samples were randomly distributed into eight groups (n = 17) according to the protocol for decontamination G1: No treatment, G2: Distilled water (DW), G3: 2.5% NaOCl, G4: 2.5% NaOCl + ultrasonic activation (US), G5: 2.5% Ca(OCl)2, G6: 2.5% Ca(OCl)2 + US, G7: MSS, G8: MSS + US. Microbiological testing (Colony forming Unit [CFU] counting) was performed before and after the treatment.

Statistical analysis: Data were subjected to the one-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey's post hoc test (P < 0.05).

Results and conclusion: Groups 1 and 2 showed the highest mean contamination (5.41 and 4.31 log10 CFU/mL, respectively), which was statistically different from all the other groups (P < 0.001). G4 showed the lowest mean contamination (0.24 log10 CFU/mL) with statistically significant value (P < 0.001). 2.5% NaOCl with ultrasonic activation can aid in significant fungal reduction. Ultrasonic activation of 2.5% NaOCl, 2.5% Ca(OCl)2, and MSS was also found to have improved antifungal activity against C. albicans.

Keywords: Calcium hypochlorite; Candida albicans; colony-forming units; modified salt solution; passive ultrasonic irrigation; sodium hypochlorite.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Graph 1
Graph 1
Microbiological analysis - A chart representing the mean and standard deviation of CFUs (log10 CFU/mL) of Candida albicans after irrigation protocols between different Groups. NT: No Treatment, DW: Distilled Water, NaOCl: 2.5% Sodium Hypochlorite, NaOCl + US: 2.5% Sodium Hypochlorite + Ultrasonic Activation, Ca(OCl) 2: Calcium Hypochlorite, Ca(OCl)2 + US: Calcium Hypochlorite + Ultrasonic Activation, MSS: Modified salt solution, MSS + US: Modified salt solution + Ultrasonic Activation, CFU: Colony-forming unit
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Young GR, Parashos P, Messer HH. The principles of techniques for cleaning root canals. Aust Dent J. 2007;52:S52–63. - PubMed
    1. Waltimo TM, Orstavik D, Sirén EK, Haapasalo MP. In vitro susceptibility of Candida albicans to four disinfectants and their combinations. Int Endod J. 1999;32:421–9. - PubMed
    1. Mergoni G, Percudani D, Lodi G, Bertani P, Manfredi M. Prevalence of Candida Species in Endodontic Infections: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Endod. 2018;44:1616–25. - PubMed
    1. Haapasalo M, Udnaes T, Endal U. Persistent, recurrent, and acquired infection of the root canal system post-treatment. Endod Top. 2003;6:29–56.
    1. Kandaswamy D, Venkateshbabu N. Root canal irrigants. J Conserv Dent. 2010;13:256–64. - PMC - PubMed