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. 2024 Feb 23:11:1351746.
doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1351746. eCollection 2024.

A pilot study exploring novel contexts for out-of-office blood pressure measurement

Francis Allinson  1 , Nolan Mejia  2 , Lauren Ariniello  2 , Giorgio Quer  2 , Evan D Muse  1   2
Affiliations

A pilot study exploring novel contexts for out-of-office blood pressure measurement

Francis Allinson et al. Front Cardiovasc Med. .

Abstract

Introduction: Out-of-office blood pressure (BP) monitoring is increasingly valuable in the diagnosis and management of hypertension. With advances in wearable BP technologies, the ability to gain insight into BP outside of traditional centers of care has expanded greatly.

Methods: Here we explore the usability of a novel, wrist-worn BP cuff monitor for out-of-office data collection with participants following digital cues rather than in-person instruction. Transmitted measurements were used to evaluate BP variation with the time of day and day of week, BP variation with mood, and orthostatic measurements.

Results: Fifty participants, with a mean age of 44.5 years, were enrolled and received the BP monitor. 82% of the participants transmitted data via the smartphone application, and the median wear time of the device during the 4-week study was 11 days (IQR 8-17).

Discussion: This prospective digital pilot study illustrates the usability of wearable oscillometric BP technology combined with digital cues via a smartphone application to obtain complex out-of-office BP measurements, including orthostatic vital signs and BP associated with emotion. 25 out of 32 participants who attempted orthostatic vital signs based on in-app instruction were able to do so correctly, while 24 participants transmitted BP readings associated with emotion, with a significant difference in BP noted between calm and stressed emotional states.

Keywords: blood pressure; digital medicine; hypertension; personalized medicine; prevention.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Selection process and usability of the study.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Blood pressure variation with day of the week. Average daily blood pressure was calculated from the 37 individuals who transmitted at least 10 total measurements. Wednesday was associated with the highest average systolic and diastolic BP while Saturday was associated with the lowest average systolic and diastolic BP. Error bars represent standard error of the mean (SEM).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Digital instructions to perform orthostatic vital signs. These are the visual cues that participants were asked to follow when monitoring orthostatic vital signs. With the aid of visual cues, 25 out of 32 participants were able to perform orthostatic vital signs correctly.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Digital cues on smartphone application to record BP associated with emotion. The visual interface that participants used on their smartphone when recording BP associated with an emotional state, either calm or stressed.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Bp associated with emotion. * = p < 0.005. The above box and whisker plots represent the median, interquartile range and standard deviation of the difference between participants average daily BP and BP associated with emotion, with the blue plot representing calm and the red plot representing stressed. The blue plus sign (+) represents the mean difference between participants average daily BP and BP associated with calm (−4.6 mmHg), while the red plus sign (+) represents the mean difference between participants average daily BP and BP associated with stressed (+5.0 mmHg). The associated mean differences were statistically significant as indicated above.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Blood pressure variation with time of day. The variation in average systolic blood pressure from midnight to 8 AM, 8 AM to 4 PM and 4 PM to midnight is graphed above. BP associated with each segment of the day was not statistically significant (p = 0.89).
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