Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Case Reports
. 2024:36:693-715.
doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-47606-8_35.

Point of Care Testing (POCT) in Psychopathology Using Fractal Analysis and Hilbert Huang Transform of Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Mohammed Sakib Ihsan Khan  1 , Herbert F Jelinek  2
Affiliations
Case Reports

Point of Care Testing (POCT) in Psychopathology Using Fractal Analysis and Hilbert Huang Transform of Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Mohammed Sakib Ihsan Khan et al. Adv Neurobiol. 2024.

Abstract

Research has shown that relying only on self-reports for diagnosing psychiatric disorders does not yield accurate results at all times. The advances of technology as well as artificial intelligence and other machine learning algorithms have allowed the introduction of point of care testing (POCT) including EEG characterization and correlations with possible psychopathology. Nonlinear methods of EEG analysis have significant advantages over linear methods. Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is a reliable nonlinear method of EEG pre-processing. In this chapter, we compare two existing EEG complexity measures - Higuchi fractal dimension (HFD) and sample entropy (SE), with our newly proposed method using Higuchi fractal dimension from the Hilbert Huang transform (HFD-HHT). We present an example using the three complexity measures on a 2-minute EEG recorded from a healthy 20-year-old male after signal pre-processing. Furthermore, we showed the usefulness of these complexity measures in the classification of major depressive disorder (MDD) with healthy controls. Our study is in line with previous research and has shown an increase in HFD and SE values in the full, alpha and beta frequency bands suggestive of an increase in EEG irregularity. Moreover, the HFD-HHT values decreased in those three bands for majority of electrodes which is suggestive of a decrease in irregularity in the frequency-time domain. We conclude that all three complexity measures can be vital features useful for EEG analysis which could be incorporated in POCT systems.

Keywords: EEG; Fractal analysis; Hilbert transform; Point of care testing; Psychopathology.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. Caton R. The electric currents of the brain. Am J EEG Technol. 1970;10(1):12–4. https://doi.org/10.1080/00029238.1970.11080764 . - DOI
    1. İnce R, Adanır SS, Sevmez F. The inventor of electroencephalography (EEG): Hans Berger (1873–1941). Childs Nerv Syst. 2021;37(9):2723–4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-020-04564-z . - DOI - PubMed
    1. Berger H. Uber das Elektrenkephalogramm des menschen (On the human electroencephalogram). Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr. 1929;87(1875):527–70. - DOI
    1. Our World in Data. Number of people with mental and substance use disorders, World, 1990 to 2017. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/number-with-mental-and-substance-use-... . Accessed 9 Aug 2022.
    1. Our World in Data. Number with a mental or neurodevelopmental disorder by type, World, 2019. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/number-with-mental-and-neurodevelopme... . Accessed 9 Aug 2022.

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources