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. 2024 Feb 26:15:1343002.
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1343002. eCollection 2024.

Global trends in burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to physical inactivity across 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019

Xinyue Yang #  1 , Jiayi Sun #  1 , Wenjuan Zhang  1
Affiliations

Global trends in burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to physical inactivity across 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019

Xinyue Yang et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). .

Abstract

Background: To promote a comprehensive understanding of global trends and burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to physical inactivity.

Methods: We utilized data regarding mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), as well as age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and DALYs rates (ASDR) derived from the global burden of disease study 2019 to evaluate the impact of physical inactivity on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in 204 countries and territories over the period from 1990 to 2019. This method facilitated the analysis of the diabetes burden across different ages, genders, and regions. To determine the long-term progression of type 2 diabetes prevalence, we computed the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in burden rates.

Results: Globally, the number of deaths and DALYs from type 2 diabetes due to physical inactivity more than doubled between 1990 and 2019. Concurrently, there was an increase in the ASMR and ASDR, with EAPC of 0.26 (95% CI: 0.13-0.39) and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.78-0.89), respectively. As of 2019, the global ASMR and ASDR for physical inactivity stood at 1.6 (95% UI: 0.8-2.7) per 100 000 and 55.9 (95% UI: 27.2-97.6) per 100 000, respectively. Notable disparities were observed in the type 2 diabetes burden associated with physical inactivity worldwide, with higher sociodemographic index (SDI) countries experiencing lower ASDR and ASMR compared to lower SDI countries. Initially, females exhibited higher ASMR and ASDR than males, but this gender disparity in ASMR and ASDR has lessened in recent years. The mortality and DALYs rates associated with physical inactivity exhibit an inverted V-shaped pattern across various age groups, predominantly affecting the elderly population.

Conclusion: Between 1990 and 2019, there was a marked rise in the worldwide burden of type 2 diabetes associated with physical inactivity, underscoring the role of physical inactivity as a key changeable risk factor in the global landscape of this disease. This necessitates additional research to explore the variables contributing to the varying levels of disease burden across different countries and between sexes. Furthermore, it calls for the formulation of public health policies aimed at guiding prevention tactics, promoting early detection, and enhancing the management of type 2 diabetes.

Keywords: disability-adjusted life years; global burden; mortality; physical inactivity; sociodemographic index; type 2 diabetes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The type 2 diabetes burden attributable to physical inactivity by SDI region. The global (A) deaths, (B) DALYs, (C) ASMR and (D) ASDR of type 2 diabetes attributable to physical inactivity for all ages from 1990 to 2019. The global (E) deaths, (F) DALYs, (G) mortality rate and (H) DALYs rate of type 2 diabetes attributable to physical inactivity by age in 2019. SDI, Socio-demographic Index; ASMR, age-standardized mortality rate; DALYs, disability-adjusted life years; ASDR, age-standardized DALY rate.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The spatial distribution of type 2 diabetes (A) ASMR, (B) the EAPC of ASMR, (C) ASDR, and (D) the EAPC of ASDR attributable to physical inactivity in 2019. ASMR, age-standardized mortality rate; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change; ASDR, age-standardized disability-adjusted life-years rate.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Year-specific numbers and rates of deaths (A) and DALYs (C), and Age-specific numbers and rates of deaths (B) and DALYs (D) of type 2 diabetes attributable to physical inactivity by sex, in 2019. DALYs, disability-adjusted life years.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The relationship between type 2 diabetes (A) ASMR and SDI in 2019 by GBD region, (B) EAPC in ASMR and SDI in 2019 by Super GBD region. ASMR, age-standardized mortality rate; SDI, Socio-demographic Index; GBD, Global Burden of Disease Study; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The relationship between type 2 diabetes (A) ASDR and SDI in 2019 by GBD region, (B) EAPC in ASDR and SDI in 2019 by Super GBD region. ASDR, age-standardized disability-adjusted life-years rate; SDI, Socio-demographic Index; GBD, Global Burden of Disease Study; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change.
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