Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Feb 29:20:415-428.
doi: 10.2147/NDT.S444729. eCollection 2024.

The Impact of Recent Life Events, Internalizing Symptoms, and Emotion Regulation on the Severity of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Adolescents: A Mediation Analysis

Linqi Zhou  1 , Changyuan Qiao  1 , Jialing Huang  2 , Jian Lin  2 , Haisheng Zhang  2 , Jian Xie  2 , Yonggui Yuan  3 , Changchun Hu  2
Affiliations

The Impact of Recent Life Events, Internalizing Symptoms, and Emotion Regulation on the Severity of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Adolescents: A Mediation Analysis

Linqi Zhou et al. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. .

Abstract

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated a strong association between recent stressful life events and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents. Internalizing symptoms and difficulty in emotion regulation (DER) may mediate this relationship. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between recent stressful life events and NSSI severity in adolescents and the potential moderating role of internalizing symptoms and DER.

Methods: A total of 224 adolescent inpatients (78.6% female) participated in the study, with an age range of 12-18 years old. Data on recent stressful life events, internalizing symptoms, DER, and NSSI behaviors were collected using a clinician-rated questionnaire. A structural equation model was used to test the hypothesized model.

Results: The rate of NSSI reporting among adolescents in the past 12 months was 65.18%. Recent stressful life events were found to be directly associated with NSSI severity (β = 0.128, P = 0.023). A chain-mediating effect between recent stressful life events and NSSI was also confirmed (β = 0.034, P = 0.023), with DER and internalizing symptoms playing a chain-mediating role and DER having a significantly indirect association with NSSI through internalizing symptoms.

Conclusion: Recent stressful life events appear to play a role in the etiology of NSSI, particularly punishment and interpersonal relationship events that warrant special attention. DER and internalizing symptoms play a chain-mediating role in the relationship between life events and NSSI. Reducing recent stressful life events, screening for internalizing symptoms, and improving emotion regulation may decrease NSSI behavior among adolescents.

Keywords: adolescents; difficulty in emotion regulation; internalizing symptoms; non-suicidal self-injury; recent stressful life events; structural equation model.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. This manuscript has not been published nor is it being considered for publication elsewhere.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Results from path analysis on the hypothesized mediation model Pathways between variables are indicated by standardized beta estimates.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Aghajani M, Veer IM, van Lang ND, et al. Altered white-matter architecture in treatment-naive adolescents with clinical depression. Psychol Med. 2014;44(11):2287–2298. doi:10.1017/S0033291713003000 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Zetterqvist M. The DSM-5 diagnosis of nonsuicidal self-injury disorder: a review of the empirical literature. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Ment Health. 2015;9:31. doi:10.1186/s13034-015-0062-7 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Swannell SV, Martin GE, Page A, et al. Prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury in nonclinical samples: systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2014;44(3):273–303. doi:10.1111/sltb.12070 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Gillies D, Christou MA, Dixon AC, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of self-harm in adolescents: meta-analyses of community-based studies 1990–2015. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2018;57(10):733–741. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2018.06.018 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Bresin K, Schoenleber M. Gender differences in the prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2015;38:55–64. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.02.009 - DOI - PubMed