The Cyanoketenyl Anion [NC3O]

Abstract

Cumulenes and heterocumulenes with three or more cumulative multiple bonds are usually reactive species that serve as valuable building blocks for more complex molecules but tend to isomerize or cyclize and therefore are difficult to isolate. Using a mild ligand exchange reaction at the carbon in α-metalated ylides, we have now succeeded in the synthesis and gram-scale isolation of the elusive cyanoketenyl anion [NC₃O]^-. Despite its assumed cumulene-like structure and the delocalization of the negative charge across the whole 5-atom molecule, it features a bent geometry with a nucleophilic central carbon atom. Computational studies reveal an ambiguous bonding situation in the anion, which can be illustrated only by a combination of different resonance structures. Nonetheless, the anion features remarkable stability, thus allowing the storage of its potassium-crown ether salt and its application as a highly functional synthetic building block. The cyanoketenyl anion readily reacts with a series of small molecules to form more complex organic compounds, including industrially valuable compounds such as cyanoacetate. This work demonstrated that reactive species can be generated by novel synthesis methods and open up atom-economic pathways to complex compounds from small abundant molecules.

Keywords: Alkali metals; Carbon Monoxide; Small Molecules; Structure elucidation; Ylides.