Retrospective evaluation of Penguin Cold Caps for chemotherapy-induced alopecia

Abstract

Background: Scalp cooling is an increasingly recognized non-pharmacologic approach to minimize chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA). Several commercially available machine-based and manual scalp cooling systems are available; however, literature reports of effectiveness are highly variable. The purpose of this study was to determine real-world tolerability and subjective effectiveness of a manual cold capping system in minimizing CIA across a variety of patient race and hair types. This study was a single-institution review of outcomes from manual cold capping.

Methods: We identified retrospective cohort of adult patients who presented to discuss cold capping between January 14, 2019, and March 31, 2022. Data collected from medical records included demographics, decision to pursue/continue cold capping, diagnoses, chemotherapy regimens, hair characteristics (length, thickness, coarseness, type), and subjective perception of percentage of hair retained. Those with successful vs. unsuccessful cold capping (≥ 50% vs. < 50% of hair retained) were compared based on the patient-level factors of interest.

Findings: A total of 100 patients initiated cold capping during the study period, and 95% of them completed cold capping. The majority of patients who started cold capping completed it. The median-reported percentage of hair maintained was 75%, and 82/89 (92.1% of patients) had favorable results, defined as ≥ 50% of hair retained. The only patient-level factor associated with favorable response was chemotherapy regimen, with fewer patients receiving doxorubicin-containing regimens having successful hair retention compared to other chemotherapy types (71.4% successful results vs. 95.7% for those receiving paclitaxel-containing regimens and 96.6% for those receiving docetaxel-containing regimens (p = 0.018). There was no difference in success based on patient race/ethnicity or hair characteristics.

Interpretation: The overall effectiveness (92.1%) in this study is consistent to higher than many literature reports. One possible reason for the high success in our cohort is compliance with cold capping protocols, meaning applying the cap in the appropriate manner and wearing the cap for the prescribed durations, which may impact effectiveness.

Keywords: Chemotherapy; Chemotherapy-induced alopecia; Penguin Cold Caps.

Fig. 1

Percentage of patients with favorable vs. unfavorable cold capping results. A favorable result was defined as ≥ 50% of hair maintained. The majority of patients had a favorable result. The only factor statistically associated with favorable result was chemotherapy regimen, with favorable results noted for 71·4% of patients who received doxorubicin-containing regimens, compared to 95·7% for those who received paclitaxel-containing regimens and 96·6% for those who received docetaxel-containing regimens (p = 0·018). There was no apparent difference in the proportion of patients who had a favorable result based on age, race, hair thickness, coarseness, hair type, length, or cancer type