Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2024 Mar 1;14(5):530.
doi: 10.3390/diagnostics14050530.

Advancements in Glaucoma Diagnosis: The Role of AI in Medical Imaging

Clerimar Paulo Bragança  1   2 , José Manuel Torres  1   3 , Luciano Oliveira Macedo  2 , Christophe Pinto de Almeida Soares  1   3
Affiliations
Review

Advancements in Glaucoma Diagnosis: The Role of AI in Medical Imaging

Clerimar Paulo Bragança et al. Diagnostics (Basel). .

Abstract

The progress of artificial intelligence algorithms in digital image processing and automatic diagnosis studies of the eye disease glaucoma has been growing and presenting essential advances to guarantee better clinical care for the population. Given the context, this article describes the main types of glaucoma, traditional forms of diagnosis, and presents the global epidemiology of the disease. Furthermore, it explores how studies using artificial intelligence algorithms have been investigated as possible tools to aid in the early diagnosis of this pathology through population screening. Therefore, the related work section presents the main studies and methodologies used in the automatic classification of glaucoma from digital fundus images and artificial intelligence algorithms, as well as the main databases containing images labeled for glaucoma and publicly available for the training of machine learning algorithms.

Keywords: artificial intelligence; deep learning; glaucoma; image analysis.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
ISNT (Inferior (I), Superior (S), Nasal (N) and Temporal (T)) Rule.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Measures considered in the CDR calculation.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Example of CDR calculation with figure showing excavation of 0.6.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Example of image with segmentation of the disc and optical cup.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Tan N.Y., Friedman D.S., Stalmans I., Ahmed I.I.K., Sng C.C. Current opinion in ophthalmology. Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol. 2020;31:91–100. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000649. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Bragança C.P., Torres J.M., De Almeida Soares C.P. Inteligência artificial e diagnóstico do glaucoma. Braz. Appl. Sci. Rev. 2023;7:683–707. doi: 10.34115/basrv7n2-017b. - DOI
    1. Heijl A., Bengtsson B., Oskarsdottir S.E. Prevalence and severity of undetected manifest glaucoma: Results from the early manifest glaucoma trial screening. Ophthalmology. 2013;120:1541–1545. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.01.043. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Salmon J.F. Clinical Ophthalmology: A Systematic Approach. 10th ed. Elsevier Health Sciences; Amsterdam, The Netherlands: 2024.
    1. NIH National Library of Medicine Medical Encyclopedia [Internet]. Medical Encyclopedia: Glaucoma. [(accessed on 20 February 2024)];2023 Available online: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001620.htm.

LinkOut - more resources