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Review
. 2024 Feb 20;25(5):2461.
doi: 10.3390/ijms25052461.

The Role of Catestatin in Preeclampsia

Michalina Bralewska  1 , Tadeusz Pietrucha  1 , Agata Sakowicz  1
Affiliations
Review

The Role of Catestatin in Preeclampsia

Michalina Bralewska et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Preeclampsia (PE) is a unique pregnancy disorder affecting women across the world. It is characterized by the new onset of hypertension with coexisting end-organ damage. Although the disease has been known for centuries, its exact pathophysiology and, most importantly, its prevention remain elusive. The basis of its associated molecular changes has been attributed to the placenta and the hormones regulating its function. One such hormone is chromogranin A (CgA). In the placenta, CgA is cleaved to form a variety of biologically active peptides, including catestatin (CST), known inter alia for its vasodilatory effects. Recent studies indicate that the CST protein level is diminished both in patients with hypertension and those with PE. Therefore, the aim of the present paper is to review the most recent and most relevant in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies to provide an overview of the proposed impact of CST on the molecular processes of PE and to consider the possibilities for future experiments in this area.

Keywords: catestatin; chromogranin A; preeclampsia; pregnancy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic presentation of PE pathogenesis.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Comparison of catestatin peptide region in human genetic variants and rat. White color is reserved for changes in the amino acid sequence.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Proposed schematic. PE-related CST signaling pathways. MyD88—myeloid differentiation factor 88; TIRAP—toll-interleukin-1 receptor containing adaptor protein; IRAK—IL-1 receptor-associated kinase; TRAF—TNF receptor-associated factor; TAK—tat-associated kinase; IkB—inhibitor of Nf-κB; IKK—IkB kinase; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; mTOR1/2—mTOR complex 1/2; PIP2—phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate; PIP3—phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate; PDK1—phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1. Color blue is reserved for the Nf-κB classical pathway mediated through TRL4. CST signaling is marked with a light violet color.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Possible pathway of NF-κB activation in PE and predicted CST influence.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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