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Review
. 2024 Mar 4;25(5):2962.
doi: 10.3390/ijms25052962.

The Role of Polyphenols in Modulating PON1 Activity Regarding Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis

Teodora Bianca Sirca  1 , Mariana Eugenia Mureșan  1 , Annamaria Pallag  2 , Eleonora Marian  2 , Tunde Jurca  2 , Laura Grațiela Vicaș  2 , Ioana Paula Tunduc  3 , Felicia Manole  4 , Liana Ștefan  4
Affiliations
Review

The Role of Polyphenols in Modulating PON1 Activity Regarding Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis

Teodora Bianca Sirca et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

The incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases are still rising. The principal mechanism that drives them is atherosclerosis, an affection given by dyslipidemia and a pro-inflammatory state. Paraoxonase enzymes have a protective role due to their ability to contribute to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways, especially paraoxonase 1 (PON1). PON1 binds with HDL (high-density lipoprotein), and high serum levels lead to a protective state against dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, stroke, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and many others. Modulating PON1 expression might be a treatment objective with significant results in limiting the prevalence of atherosclerosis. Lifestyle including diet and exercise can raise its levels, and some beneficial plants have been found to influence PON1 levels; therefore, more studies on herbal components are needed. Our purpose is to highlight the principal roles of Praoxonase 1, its implications in dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and other diseases, and to emphasize plants that can modulate PON1 expression, targeting the potential of some flavonoids that could be introduced as supplements in our diet and to validate the hypothesis that flavonoids have any effects regarding PON1 function.

Keywords: atherosclerosis; cardiovascular disease; dyslipidemia; endothelial dysfunction; oxidative stress; paraoxonase 1 (PON1); polyphenols.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Prisma flow diagram for description of the selection process of the bibliographic sources.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The most important factors implicated in endothelial dysfunction led to a state prone to atherosclerosis. The figure was composed using Servier Medical Art templates and PowerPoint, Servier Medical Art by Servier is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Accessed on 23 February 2024).
Figure 3
Figure 3
IL-1 β and TNF-α inhibit PON1 function via the NF-kB pathway, leading to higher levels of oxLDL, with atherosclerosis being the consequence (the figure was composed using Servier Medical Art templates and PowerPoint, Servier Medical Art by Servier is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) Accessed on 23 February 2024).
Figure 4
Figure 4
The pathways of polyphenols regarding the modulation of PON1 (the figure was composed using Servier Medical Art templates and PowerPoint, Servier Medical Art by Servier is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Accessed on 23 February 2024).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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