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. 2024 Feb 23;29(5):985.
doi: 10.3390/molecules29050985.

Assessment of Hydrazone Derivatives for Enhanced Steel Corrosion Resistance in 15 wt.% HCl Environments: A Dual Experimental and Theoretical Perspective

Abdelilah El-Khlifi  1 , Fatima Zahrae Zouhair  2 , Mustafa R Al-Hadeethi  3 , Hassane Lgaz  4 , Han-Seung Lee  5 , Rachid Salghi  6   7 , Belkheir Hammouti  6 , Hamid Erramli  1
Affiliations

Assessment of Hydrazone Derivatives for Enhanced Steel Corrosion Resistance in 15 wt.% HCl Environments: A Dual Experimental and Theoretical Perspective

Abdelilah El-Khlifi et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

This study evaluates the corrosion inhibition capabilities of two novel hydrazone derivatives, (E)-2-(5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-N'-(4-methylbenzylidene)acetohydrazide (MeHDZ) and (E)-N'-benzylidene-2-(5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)acetohydrazide (HHDZ), on carbon steel in a 15 wt.% HCl solution. A comprehensive suite of analytical techniques, including gravimetric analysis, potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), demonstrates their significant inhibition efficiency. At an optimal concentration of 5 × 10-3 mol/L, MeHDZ and HHDZ achieve remarkable inhibition efficiencies of 98% and 94%, respectively. EIS measurements reveal a dramatic reduction in effective double-layer capacitance (from 236.2 to 52.8 and 75.3 µF/cm2), strongly suggesting inhibitor adsorption on the steel surface. This effect is further corroborated by an increase in polarization resistance and a significant decrease in corrosion current density at optimal concentrations. Moreover, these inhibitors demonstrate sustained corrosion mitigation over extended exposure durations and maintain effectiveness even under elevated temperatures, highlighting their potential for diverse operational conditions. The adsorption process of these inhibitors aligns well with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, implying physicochemical interactions at the carbon steel surface. Density functional tight-binding (DFTB) calculations and molecular dynamics simulations provide insights into the inhibitor-surface interaction mechanism, further elucidating the potential of these hydrazone derivatives as highly effective corrosion inhibitors in acidic environments.

Keywords: computational method; corrosion inhibition; corrosion testing; density functional tight-binding; hydrazone; pipeline; steel.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Langmuir adsorption isotherm of MeHDZ and HHDZ on the carbon steel surface at 303 K.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Polarization curves of carbon steel in 15 wt.% HCl without and with the addition of different concentrations of (a) MeHDZ and (b) HHDZ at 303 K.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Impedance diagrams of carbon steel in 15 wt.% HCl without and with the addition of different concentrations of MeHDZ and HHDZ at 303 K. (a,b) Nyquist plots and (c–f) Bode diagrams.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The equivalent circuit model used to fit the steel/15 wt.% HCl interface and the steel/15 wt.% HCl + hydrazones interface.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Results of EIS for carbon steel in 15 wt.% HCl with 5 × 10−3 mol/L of MeHDZ at different immersion times.
Figure 6
Figure 6
SEM Micrographs of carbon steel in the absence (a) and presence of MeHDZ (b) at a concentration of 5 × 10−3 mol/L at 303 K.
Figure 7
Figure 7
SCC-DFTB optimized adsorption structures of MeHDZ and HHDZ molecules on the Fe(110) Surface. The bond lengths are indicated in angstroms (Å).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Most thermodynamically stable adsorption configurations for HHDZ and MeHDZ molecules on the Fe(110) surface in aqueous environment, as derived from MD simulations.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Graphical illustration of the proposed corrosion inhibition mechanism of hydrazones for carbon steel in 15 wt.% HCl. MeHDZ as a reference.
Scheme 1
Scheme 1
Synthesis procedure for the preparation of hydrazones (5; HHDZ) and (6; MeHDZ).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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