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. 2024 Feb 28;29(5):1045.
doi: 10.3390/molecules29051045.

Novel 4-Chromanone-Derived Compounds as Plant Immunity Inducers against CMV Disease in Passiflora spp. (Passion Fruit)

Tianli Wu  1 , Lu Yu  1 , Lingling Xiao  1   2 , Tao Wang  2 , Pei Li  1   3 , Bo Mu  4
Affiliations

Novel 4-Chromanone-Derived Compounds as Plant Immunity Inducers against CMV Disease in Passiflora spp. (Passion Fruit)

Tianli Wu et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

This study involved the design and synthesis of a series of novel 4-chromanone-derived compounds. Their in vivo anti-cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) activity in field trials against CMV disease in Passiflora spp. was then assessed. Bioassay results demonstrated that compounds 7c and 7g exhibited remarkable curative effects and protection against CMV, with inhibition rates of 57.69% and 51.73% and 56.13% and 52.39%, respectively, surpassing those of dufulin and comparable to ningnanmycin. Field trials results indicated that compound 7c displayed significant efficacy against CMV disease in Passiflora spp. (passion fruit) after the third spraying at a concentration of 200 mg/L, with a relative control efficiency of 47.49%, surpassing that of dufulin and comparable to ningnanmycin. Meanwhile, nutritional quality test results revealed that compound 7c effectively enhanced the disease resistance of Passiflora spp., as evidenced by significant increases in soluble protein, soluble sugar, total phenol, and chlorophyll contents in Passiflora spp. leaves as well as improved the flavor and taste of Passiflora spp. fruits, as demonstrated by notable increases in soluble protein, soluble sugar, soluble solid, and vitamin C contents in Passiflora spp. fruits. Additionally, a transcriptome analysis revealed that compound 7c primarily targeted the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway, a crucial plant hormone signal transduction pathway, thereby augmenting resistance against CMV disease in Passiflora spp. Therefore, this study demonstrates the potential application of these novel 4-chromanone-derived compounds as effective inducers of plant immunity for controlling CMV disease in Passiflora spp. in the coming decades.

Keywords: 4-chromanone; ABA signaling pathway; Passiflora spp.; anti-CMV activity; plant immune inducer.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The design idea for the target compounds.
Figure 2
Figure 2
General protocols for the synthesis of target compounds 7a–7o.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effect of compound 7c on the soluble protein (A), soluble sugar (B), total phenol (C), and chlorophyll (D) contents of Passiflora spp. leaves. The nutritional quality of Passiflora spp. leaves was significantly different among various lowercase letters at a significance level of p < 0.05. Error bars refer to mean ± SD (n = 3) values.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effect of compound 7c on the soluble protein (A), soluble sugar (B), soluble solid (C), and vitamin C (D) contents of Passiflora spp. fruits. The nutritional quality of Passiflora spp. fruits was significantly different among various lowercase letters at a significance level of p < 0.05. Error bars refer to mean ± SD (n = 3) values.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Volcanic map of DEGs.
Figure 6
Figure 6
GO classification of DEGs.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Top thirty KEGG pathway enrichments of DEGs.
Figure 8
Figure 8
A model of the ABA signal transduction pathway in Passiflora spp. resistance to CMV disease. Supplementary Materials, compound 7c.
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