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Review
. 2024 Feb 29;29(5):1076.
doi: 10.3390/molecules29051076.

Adjuvant Novel Nanocarrier-Based Targeted Therapy for Lung Cancer

Kangkan Sarma  1 , Md Habban Akther  1 , Irfan Ahmad  2 , Obaid Afzal  3 , Abdulmalik S A Altamimi  3 , Manal A Alossaimi  3 , Mariusz Jaremko  4 , Abdul-Hamid Emwas  5 , Preety Gautam  1
Affiliations
Review

Adjuvant Novel Nanocarrier-Based Targeted Therapy for Lung Cancer

Kangkan Sarma et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Lung cancer has the lowest survival rate due to its late-stage diagnosis, poor prognosis, and intra-tumoral heterogeneity. These factors decrease the effectiveness of treatment. They release chemokines and cytokines from the tumor microenvironment (TME). To improve the effectiveness of treatment, researchers emphasize personalized adjuvant therapies along with conventional ones. Targeted chemotherapeutic drug delivery systems and specific pathway-blocking agents using nanocarriers are a few of them. This study explored the nanocarrier roles and strategies to improve the treatment profile's effectiveness by striving for TME. A biofunctionalized nanocarrier stimulates biosystem interaction, cellular uptake, immune system escape, and vascular changes for penetration into the TME. Inorganic metal compounds scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) through their photothermal effect. Stroma, hypoxia, pH, and immunity-modulating agents conjugated or modified nanocarriers co-administered with pathway-blocking or condition-modulating agents can regulate extracellular matrix (ECM), Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF),Tyro3, Axl, and Mertk receptors (TAM) regulation, regulatory T-cell (Treg) inhibition, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) inhibition. Again, biomimetic conjugation or the surface modification of nanocarriers using ligands can enhance active targeting efficacy by bypassing the TME. A carrier system with biofunctionalized inorganic metal compounds and organic compound complex-loaded drugs is convenient for NSCLC-targeted therapy.

Keywords: PTT; ROS; TME; liposome; lung cancer; metallic nanoparticle; nanocarrier; targeted drug delivery; vascular modification.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Modulation of tumor blood vessels to enhance cancer therapy.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Vascular remodulation.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Tumor progression through stromal regulation.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Solid lipid NP.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Liposome.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Micelle.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Lipid nanocapsule.
Figure 8
Figure 8
PEGylated nanostractured lipid nanocarrier.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Polymeric NP.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Dendrimer.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Polystyrene NP.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Carbon nanotube.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Metal NP.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Gold NP.
Figure 15
Figure 15
Quantum dots.
Figure 16
Figure 16
Magnetic NP.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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