Application of Nanoparticles in Human Nutrition: A Review

Abstract

Nanotechnology in human nutrition represents an innovative advance in increasing the bioavailability and efficiency of bioactive compounds. This work delves into the multifaceted dietary contributions of nanoparticles (NPs) and their utilization for improving nutrient absorption and ensuring food safety. NPs exhibit exceptional solubility, a significant surface-to-volume ratio, and diameters ranging from 1 to 100 nm, rendering them invaluable for applications such as tissue engineering and drug delivery, as well as elevating food quality. The encapsulation of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants within NPs introduces an innovative approach to counteract nutritional instabilities and low solubility, promoting human health. Nanoencapsulation methods have included the production of nanocomposites, nanofibers, and nanoemulsions to benefit the delivery of bioactive food compounds. Nutrition-based nanotechnology and nanoceuticals are examined for their economic viability and potential to increase nutrient absorption. Although the advancement of nanotechnology in food demonstrates promising results, some limitations and concerns related to safety and regulation need to be widely discussed in future research. Thus, the potential of nanotechnology could open new paths for applications and significant advances in food, benefiting human nutrition.

Keywords: bioactive compounds; cancer; health human; nanotechnology; nutraceuticals; phytochemicals.

Figure 1

Main classes of nanoparticles (NPs), including polymeric, non-polymeric, lipid-based, and nanocrystalline materials for encapsulation of nutrients and bioactive compounds from foods.

Figure 2

(A) Nutraceutical bioactive compounds can prevent and treat various diseases. Recent research has focused on treating cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. (B) Nanoencapsulated foods can be an alternative to improve the stability, absorption, and bioavailability of bioactive nutraceuticals in relation to microencapsulated analogues.

Figure 3

Possible nanoemulsion structural changes during gastrointestinal transit.

Figure 4

Vitamin-B12-induced structural variation identification by RNA aptamer and colorimetry.