Factors Influencing Duration of Breastfeeding: Insights from a Prospective Study of Maternal Health Literacy and Obstetric Practices

Abstract

Numerous factors concerning early breastfeeding abandonment have been described, including health literacy (HL). This study's objective was to analyze factors related to early breastfeeding abandonment (<6 months). This prospective multicentric study examined the duration of breastfeeding at 6 months postpartum and was conducted in four different regions of Spain from January 2021 to January 2023. A total of 275 women participated in this study, which focused on maternal HL and obstetric practices. A decrease in the breastfeeding rate was observed from hospital discharge (n = 224, 81.5%) to the sixth month postpartum (n = 117, 42.5%). A Cox regression analysis revealed that inadequate HL levels, lack of mobilization during labour, and induced labour were significantly associated with early breastfeeding cessation (p = 0.022, p = 0.019, and p = 0.010, respectively). The results highlight that women with adequate HL had a 32% lower risk of early breastfeeding abandonment. In comparison, mobilization during labour and induction of labour were linked to a 32.4% reduction and a 53.8% increase in this risk, respectively. These findings emphasize the importance of considering obstetric and HL factors when addressing the breastfeeding duration, indicating opportunities for educational and perinatal care interventions.

Keywords: abandonment; breastfeeding; health literacy; nursing.

Figure 1

Rates of breastfeeding during the study follow-up (N = 275).

Figure 2

Survival curves for early breastfeeding abandonment based on statistically significant variables. Each curve corresponds to a distinct group within the variable, portraying the cumulative probability of participants within that group continuing to breastfeed over time. The x-axis denotes time, and the y-axis represents the proportion of women maintaining breastfeeding at each time point. Disparities between the curves signify variations in the likelihood of breastfeeding continuation between the compared groups.