Relationship of Knee Abduction Moment to Trunk and Lower Extremity Segment Acceleration during Sport-Specific Movements

Abstract

The knee abduction moment (KAM) has been identified as a significant predictor of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk; however, the cost and time demands associated with collecting three-dimensional (3D) kinetic data have prompted the need for alternative solutions. Wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) have been explored as a potential solution for quantitative on-field assessment of injury risk. Most previous work has focused on angular velocity data, which are highly susceptible to bias and noise relative to acceleration data. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the relationship between KAM and body segment acceleration during sport-specific movements. Three functional tasks were selected to analyze peak KAM using optical motion capture and force plates as well as peak triaxial segment accelerations using IMUs. Moderate correlations with peak KAM were observed for peak shank acceleration during single-leg hop; peak trunk, thigh, and shank accelerations during a deceleration task; and peak trunk, pelvis, and shank accelerations during a 45° cut. These findings provide preliminary support for the use of wearable IMUs to identify peak KAM during athletic tasks.

Keywords: biomechanics; knee injury; motion analysis; sports medicine; wearable sensors.

Figure 1

Placement of eight Delsys Trigno Avanti IMU sensors: sternum, sacrum, anterior thighs, anterior shanks, and the dorsal side of the feet. Retroreflective markers are placed on bony landmarks based on a modified Cleveland Clinic marker set [30].