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. 2024 Feb 20;13(5):569.
doi: 10.3390/plants13050569.

Influence of Sucrose and Activated Charcoal on Phytochemistry and Vegetative Growth in Zephyranthes irwiniana (Ravenna) Nic. García (Amaryllidaceae)

Bertholdo Dewes Neto  1 , Kicia Karinne Pereira Gomes-Copeland  2 , Dâmaris Silveira  2 , Sueli Maria Gomes  1 , Julia Marina Muller Craesmeyer  2 , Daniela Aparecida de Castro Nizio  3 , Christopher William Fagg  1
Affiliations

Influence of Sucrose and Activated Charcoal on Phytochemistry and Vegetative Growth in Zephyranthes irwiniana (Ravenna) Nic. García (Amaryllidaceae)

Bertholdo Dewes Neto et al. Plants (Basel). .

Abstract

Zephyranthes irwiniana (Ravenna) Nic. García is an endemic, red list threatened species from the Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) with pharmacological potential to treat the symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). This work analyzed the vegetative growth and phytochemistry of its potential compounds, in response to variations in sucrose concentration and activated carbon (AC). Seeds were germinated in vitro and in the greenhouse. The in vitro bulbs were separated in six treatments with different sucrose concentrations (30, 45 and 60 gL-1) and/or AC (1 gL-1). Biomass increases in individuals grown in the greenhouse were higher than those cultivated in vitro. Sucrose concentration significantly increased biomass and root number. AC had a positive influence on leaf and root size, and a negative influence on root number. GC-MS analyses indicated great variation in the abundance of α-terpenyl-acetate, ethyl linoleate, clionasterol and lycorine between treatments, with maximum concentrations of 53.06%, 38.68, 14.34% and 2.57%, respectively. Histolocalization tests indicated the presence of alkaloids in the leaf chlorenchyma and bulb cataphylls. Finally, the present study provided new evidence that the constitution of the culture medium directly influences the vegetative growth and phytochemistry of this species, providing a good medium condition for propagating the species under threat.

Keywords: activated charcoal; histolocalization test; lycorine; phytochemistry; sucrose; vegetative growth.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Zephyranthes irwiniana (Ravenna) Nic. García. (Left): flower and fruit details. (Right): micropropagation with sucrose and activated charcoal.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Percentage yield of ethanolic extract (EE) from root, leaf and bulb of Zephyranthes irwiniana cultivated in vitro and greenhouse via treatment. Blue line: Bulb. Green line: Leaf. Brown line: Root. The bars are the confidence interval (95%).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Peak of the compound in the chromatogram of each ethanolic extract from treatments T1 to T6 for leaf, bulb and root of Zephyranthes irwiniana using micropropagation and GH for leaf, bulb and root of Z. irwiniana cultivated in greenhouse. (A) α-terpinyl-acetate (blue column). (B) ethyl linoleate (green column). (C) clionasterol (red column).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Peak of the lycorine (yellow column) in the chromatogram of each ethanolic extract from treatments T1 to T6 for leaf and bulb of Zephyranthes irwiniana using micropropagation and GH for leaf and bulb of Z. irwiniana cultivated in greenhouse.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Reactions of fresh leaves and bulbs of Zephyranthes irwiniana (cross sections) submitted to the histochemical tests; red arrows indicate presence of alkaloids; blue arrows indicate the starch grains. (A–C) detail of presence of alkaloids in the leaf margins, just below the adaxial and abaxial epidermis; (D,E) detail of presence of alkaloids in the bulbs in the region adjacent to the epidermis that faces the outside of each cataphyll; (A,B,D) Dragendorff’s test; (C,E) test with Wagner’s reagent. (ep: epidermis).
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