The longitudinal relationship between leisure activities and depressive symptoms among older Chinese adults: an autoregressive cross-lagged analysis approach

Abstract

Background: Existing studies have shown a correlation between leisure activities and depressive symptoms in older adults, but the direction of the longitudinal relationship is inconsistent. This study used an autoregressive cross-lagged model to examine the longitudinal relationship between leisure activity participation and geriatric depression.

Methods: A total of 7,138 participants aged 60 years or older from the 2nd to the 4th wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were analysed.

Results: First, present depressive symptoms were significantly associated with future depressive symptoms (β_2013-2015 = .893, p < .001; β_2015-2018 = .946, p < .001), and the same rule applied to leisure activities (β_2013-2015 = .402, p < .001; β_2015-2018 = .404, p < .001). Second, current depressive symptoms negatively predicted future leisure activities (β_2013-2015 = -.071, p < .001; β_2015-2018 = -.085, p < .001), but the inverse relationship was not statistically significant (β_2013-2015 = -.003, p > .05; β_2015-2018 = -.003, p > .05).

Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of interventions targeting depressive symptoms to potentially enhance engagement in leisure activities among older adults. The results contribute to the understanding of the complex dynamics between mental health and lifestyle choices in older populations, highlighting the potential of proactive mental health interventions to improve overall well-being.

Keywords: Autoregressive cross-lagged model; Depression; Leisure activity; Longitudinal relationship; Older adults.

Fig. 1

Participant sampling procedure

Fig. 2

Final structural equation diagram. Note: *** p<.001, LA = leisure activities, DS = depressive symptoms, Income = per capita household income, SRH = self-rated health