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Meta-Analysis
. 2024 Jun;28(6):1858-1881.
doi: 10.1007/s10461-024-04279-1. Epub 2024 Mar 13.

Factors Influencing Tobacco Smoking and Cessation Among People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Thanh H L Hoang  1 , Van M Nguyen  2 , Louise Adermark  3 , Gloria G Alvarez  4 , Donna Shelley  4 , Nawi Ng  2
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Factors Influencing Tobacco Smoking and Cessation Among People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Thanh H L Hoang et al. AIDS Behav. 2024 Jun.

Abstract

Tobacco smoking is highly prevalent among people living with HIV (PLWH), yet there is a lack of data on smoking behaviours and effective treatments in this population. Understanding factors influencing tobacco smoking and cessation is crucial to guide the design of effective interventions. This systematic review and meta-analysis of studies conducted in both high-income (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) synthesised existing evidence on associated factors of smoking and cessation behaviour among PLWH. Male gender, substance use, and loneliness were positively associated with current smoking and negatively associated with smoking abstinence. The association of depression with current smoking and lower abstinence rates were observed only in HICs. The review did not identify randomised controlled trials conducted in LMICs. Findings indicate the need to integrate smoking cessation interventions with mental health and substance use services, provide greater social support, and address other comorbid conditions as part of a comprehensive approach to treating tobacco use in this population. Consistent support from health providers trained to provide advice and treatment options is also an important component of treatment for PLWH engaged in care, especially in LMICs.

Keywords: HIV; Meta-analysis; Smoking cessation; Substance use; Systematic review; Tobacco smoking.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
PRISMA flowchart
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
a Forest plot of association between current smoking and male gender. b Forest plot of association between current smoking and alcohol use. c Forest plot of association between current smoking and illicit drug use
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
a Forest plot of association between current smoking and male gender. b Forest plot of association between current smoking and alcohol use. c Forest plot of association between current smoking and illicit drug use
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Funnel plots of the meta-analyses for a male gender, b alcohol use, and c illicit drug use
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Associations of smoking cessation outcomes with multiple factors conceptualised from findings of the systematic review
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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