An official website of the United States government
The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before
sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal
government site.
The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the
official website and that any information you provide is encrypted
and transmitted securely.
This cohort study investigates mortality and cause of death among a large cohort of androgenic anabolic steroid users, compared with a control group, in Denmark from January 3, 2006, to March 1, 2018.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Dalhoff reported serving as a board member for Anti Doping Danmark from 2015 to 2020. No other disclosures were reported.
Figures
Figure.. Time to Death for Users of…
Figure.. Time to Death for Users of Androgenic Anabolic Steroids and Control Participants
Mortality was…
Figure.. Time to Death for Users of Androgenic Anabolic Steroids and Control Participants
Mortality was statistically significantly higher among androgenic anabolic steroid (AAS) users by log-rank test (P < .001).
Pope HG Jr, Wood RI, Rogol A, Nyberg F, Bowers L, Bhasin S. Adverse health consequences of performance-enhancing drugs: an Endocrine Society scientific statement. Endocr Rev. 2014;35(3):341-375. doi:10.1210/er.2013-1058
-
DOI
-
PMC
-
PubMed
Smoliga JM, Wilber ZT, Robinson BT. Premature death in bodybuilders: what do we know? Sports Med. 2023;53(5):933-948. doi:10.1007/s40279-022-01801-0
-
DOI
-
PMC
-
PubMed
Horwitz H, Andersen JT, Dalhoff KP. Health consequences of androgenic anabolic steroid use. J Intern Med. 2019;285(3):333-340. doi:10.1111/joim.12850
-
DOI
-
PubMed
Schmidt M, Schmidt SAJ, Adelborg K, et al. . The Danish health care system and epidemiological research: from health care contacts to database records. Clin Epidemiol. 2019;11:563-591. doi:10.2147/CLEP.S179083
-
DOI
-
PMC
-
PubMed
Christiansen AV, Vinther AS, Liokaftos D. Outline of a typology of men’s use of anabolic androgenic steroids in fitness and strength training environments. Drugs Educ Prev Policy. 2017;24(3):295-305. doi:10.1080/09687637.2016.1231173
-
DOI