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Meta-Analysis
. 2024 Mar 14;19(3):e0294078.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294078. eCollection 2024.

Suicidal ideation, attempt, and its associated factors among adult HIV/AIDS patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis study

Eyob Ketema Bogale  1 , Amare Zewdie  2 , Tadele Derbew Kassie  3 , Tadele Fentabil Anagaw  1 , Elyas Melaku Mazengia  3 , Sintayehu Shiferaw Gelaw  3 , Eneyew Talie Fenta  4 , Habitu Birhan Eshetu  5 , Natnael Kebede  6
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Suicidal ideation, attempt, and its associated factors among adult HIV/AIDS patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis study

Eyob Ketema Bogale et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: WHO statistics show that someone attempts suicide every three seconds and commits suicide every 40 seconds somewhere in the world. There is a scarcity of aggregate evidence in Ethiopia. The aim of this review was to assess the pooled prevalence of suicidal ideation, attempts, and associated factors among adult HIV/AIDS patients in Ethiopia to fill this gap.

Methods: We extensively searched the bibliographic databases of PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the Web of Science to obtain eligible studies. Further screening for a reference list of articles was also done. The Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet was used to extract data, and Stata 17 was used for analysis. To check heterogeneity, the Higgs I2 and Cochran's Q tests were employed. Sensitivity and subgroup analysis were implemented. To detect publication bias, Egger's test and funnel plots were used.

Results: The pooled prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts among adult HIV/AIDS patients in Ethiopia was 20.3 with a 95% CI (14, 26.5) and 11.1 with a 95% CI (6.6, 15.5), respectively. Living alone (AOR 4.98; 95% CI: 2.96-8.37), having comorbidity or other opportunistic infection (AOR 4.67; 95% CI: 2.57-8.48), female sex (AOR 2.86; 95% CI: 1.76, 4.62), having WHO clinical stage III of HIV (AOR 3.69; 95% CI: 2.15, 6.32), having WHO clinical stage IV of HIV (AOR 5.43; 95% CI: 2.81, 10.53), having co-morbid depression (AOR 5.25; 95% CI: 4.05, 6.80), having perceived HIV stigma (AOR 2.53; 95% CI: 1.67, 3.84), and having family history of suicidal attempt (AOR 2.79; 95% CI: 1.38, 5.66) were significantly associated with suicidal ideation. Being female (AOR 4.33; 95% CI: 2.36, 7.96), having opportunistic infections (AOR 2.73; 95% CI: 1.69, 4.41), having WHO clinical stage III of HIV (AOR 3.78; 95% CI: 2.04, 7.03), having co-morbid depression (AOR 3.47; 95% CI: 2.38, 5.05), having poor social support (AOR 3.02; 95% CI: 1.78, 5.13), and having WHO clinical stage IV (AOR 7.39; 95% CI: 3.54, 15.41) were significantly associated with suicidal attempts.

Conclusion: The pooled magnitude of suicidal ideation and attempt was high, and factors like opportunistic infection, WHO clinical stage III of HIV, WHO clinical stage III of HIV, and co-morbid depression were related to both suicidal ideation and attempt. Clinicians should be geared towards this mental health problem in HIV patients during management.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Flow chart for the review process.
* Data of publication greater than 10 years, ** Target population were children.
Fig 2
Fig 2. A forest plot for the prevalence of suicidal ideation in HIV/AIDS patients.
Fig 3
Fig 3. A forest plot for the prevalence of suicidal attempt in HIV/AIDS patients.
Fig 4
Fig 4. A funnel plot for the prevalence of suicidal ideation in adult HIV/ AIDS patients.
Fig 5
Fig 5. A funnel plot for the prevalence of suicidal attempt in adult HIV/ AIDS patients.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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