Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Mar 14;14(1):6193.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-56647-5.

Fish oil ameliorates ethanol-induced gastric injury in rat by modulating gene related to apoptosis

Nikoo Parham  1 , Kaveh Rahimi  2 , Zohreh Ghotbeddin  1   3 , Mohammad Reza Tabandeh  4   3
Affiliations

Fish oil ameliorates ethanol-induced gastric injury in rat by modulating gene related to apoptosis

Nikoo Parham et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Gastric ulcers are a type of digestive disease that can severely affect a person's quality of life. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of fish oil on ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats, with the purpose of providing more comprehensive information on the topic. The study looked at various factors such as gastric ulcer index, and nitric oxide (NO) levels in stomach tissue. To investigate apoptosis, the mRNA levels of Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase 3 were analyzed. The results showed that fish oil can reduce gastric acidity and the gastric ulcer index in cases of ethanol-induced gastric ulcers. It was found that fish oil can increase NO levels and improve the anti-apoptotic system by increasing the expression of Bcl-2 while decreasing the expression of Bax and Caspase 3. In general, the study demonstrates that fish oil can protect the stomach from ethanol-induced damage by reducing the apoptosis pathway via nitric oxide.

Keywords: Apoptosis; Ethanol; Fish oil; Gastric injury.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Graphical abstract.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect of fish oil on (A) Gastric ulcer index (B) Ulcer inhibition in ethanol-induced gastric mucosa injury. (1) Control, (2) Ethanol (Eth), (3) Fish oil 5 ml/kg, (4) Fish oil 10 ml/kg, and (5) Omeprazole 20 mg/kg. ##p < 0.05 and ###p < 0.01 when compared with the control group. *p < 0.05 when compared with the Ethanol (Eth) group.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Gross macroscopic appearance of the gastric mucosa of Control, Ethanol (Eth), Fish oil (FO) 5 ml/kg, Fish oil (FO) 10 ml/kg, and Omeprazole (Ome) 20 mg/kg.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effect of FO on NO levels. ##p < 0.05 and ###p < 0.01 when compared with the control group. ***p < 0.01 when compared with the Ethanol (Eth) group.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effect of FO on (A) Bax mRNA levels (B) Bcl-2 mRNA levels (C) Caspase 3 mRNA levels. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 and ###p < 0.001 when compared with the control group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 when compared with the Ethanol (Eth) group.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Harris WS, Pottala JV, Sands SA, Jones PG. Comparison of the effects of fish and fish-oil capsules on the n 3 fatty acid content of blood cells and plasma phospholipids. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2007;86:1621–1625. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/86.5.1621. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Swanson D, Block R, Mousa SA. Omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA: Health benefits throughout life. Adv. Nutr. (Bethesda, Md) 2012;3:1–7. doi: 10.3945/an.111.000893. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Ramirez-Ramirez V, Macias-Islas MA, Ortiz GG, Pacheco-Moises F, Torres-Sanchez ED, Sorto-Gomez TE, Cruz-Ramos JA, Orozco-Aviña G, Celis de la Rosa AJ. Efficacy of fish oil on serum of TNF α, IL-1 β, and IL-6 oxidative stress markers in multiple sclerosis treated with interferon beta-1b. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2013;2013:709493. doi: 10.1155/2013/709493. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Yang, J. et al. Oxidative stress and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation. Nutrients. 11, 872–920 (2019). - PMC - PubMed
    1. Troesch, B. et al. Expert opinion on benefits of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (DHA and EPA) in aging and clinical nutrition. Nutrients12, 2255–2280 (2020). - PMC - PubMed