Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2024 Sep 5;16(3):245-255.
doi: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2024.2024-1-15. Epub 2024 Mar 15.

Current Management of Type 1 Diabetes in Children: Guideline-based Expert Opinions and Recommendations

Şükrü Hatun  1   2 , Tuğba Gökçe  1 , Ecem Can  1 , Elif Eviz  1   2 , Kağan Ege Karakuş  2 , Carmel Smart  3 , Ragnar Hanas  4 , Gül Yeşiltepe Mutlu  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Current Management of Type 1 Diabetes in Children: Guideline-based Expert Opinions and Recommendations

Şükrü Hatun et al. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. .

Abstract

Successful management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) requires not only optimal glycemic outcomes, but also a holistic approach that encompasses all aspects of life and recommendations to address needs. Current goals include optimal glycemic values, quality of life and life expectancy similar to peers, prevention of long-term complications, prevention of severe hypoglycemia as far as possible and facilitation of glucose management. The International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) has been updating its guidelines for diabetes care every four years since 1995, covering more and more topics. For optimal metabolic outcomes, diabetes teams need to follow these current recommendations, adapt them to their clinical practice and provide guidance to people with T1D and their families. In this review, in the light of ISPAD 2018-2022 guidelines and clinical experiences, “10 Key Recommendations”, emphasizing the importance of teamwork and the use of technology, current T1D treatment is described for practical applications.

Keywords: Carbohydrate counting; diabetes camp; glucose target; HbA1c; insulin carbohydrate ratio; insulin sensitivity; glycemic outcome.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest: None declared.

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Anderzén J, Hermann JM, Samuelsson U, Charalampopoulos D, Svensson J, Skrivarhaug T, Fröhlich-Reiterer E, Maahs DM, Akesson K, Kapellen T, Fritsch M, Birkebaek NH, Drivvoll AK, Miller K, Stephenson T, Hofer SE, Fredheim S, Kummernes SJ, Foster N, Amin R, Hilgard D, Rami-Merhar B, Dahl-Jørgensen K, Clements M, Hanas R, Holl RW, Warner JT. International benchmarking in type 1 diabetes: Large difference in childhood HbA1c between eight high-income countries but similar rise during adolescence-A quality registry study. Pediatr Diabetes. 2020;21(4):621–627. doi: 10.1111/pedi.13014. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Corathers SD, DeSalvo DJ. Therapeutic Inertia in Pediatric Diabetes: Challenges to and Strategies for Overcoming Acceptance of the Status Quo. Diabetes Spectr. 2020;33(1):22–30. doi: 10.2337/ds19-0017. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Hanas R. Type 1 Diabetes in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults (How to become an expert on your own diabetes). Preface to eighth edition, pages Xİİ, Class Publishing Ltd., London, 2022.
    1. Bruggeman BS, Schatz DA. The ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: how far we have come and the distance still to go. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2023;11(5):304–307. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(23)00083-9. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Phelan H, King B, Anderson D, Crock P, Lopez P, Smart C. Young children with type 1 diabetes can achieve glycemic targets without hypoglycemia: Results of a novel intensive diabetes management program. Pediatr Diabetes. 2018;19(4):769–775. doi: 10.1111/pedi.12644. - DOI - PubMed

Substances

LinkOut - more resources