Immunotherapy in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: a Review

Abstract

Immunotherapy has revolutionized the field of oncology by utilizing the body's immune system to target and eliminate cancer cells. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), immunotherapeutic agents such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown promising results. ICIs target receptors like PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 to enhance the immune response against tumors. However, resistance mechanisms to immunotherapy are not fully understood, and ongoing research aims to overcome these challenges. In the early-stage setting, neoadjuvant and adjuvant trials are investigating the efficacy of ICIs in combination with chemotherapy, with interesting results. Additionally, in the metastatic landscape of NSCLC the therapeutic options multiplied in recent years. The use of immunotherapy in NSCLC holds great promise, and future studies may provide more effective therapies and biomarkers for personalized treatment approaches.