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. 2024 Mar 5:11:1375592.
doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1375592. eCollection 2024.

Prospective observational study of nutritional status and oral supplement utilization in users of an elderly daycare service, employing a web-based Mini Nutritional Assessment Form (MNA plus)

Hiroki Takano  1 , Yukikazu Kamada  1 , Masaki Ichikawa  1 , Sadao Yoshida  2   3   4
Affiliations

Prospective observational study of nutritional status and oral supplement utilization in users of an elderly daycare service, employing a web-based Mini Nutritional Assessment Form (MNA plus)

Hiroki Takano et al. Front Nutr. .

Abstract

Introduction: Seniors are vulnerable to frailty, a condition linked to falls, fractures, hospitalizations, and sarcopenia. Even with regular meals, senior daycare users are at risk for malnutrition.

Methods: This study assessed malnutrition risk in daycare users, using the web-based Mini Nutritional Assessment Form (MNA®-SF). Individuals identified as malnourished or at risk were examined for changes in nutritional status with and without oral nutritional supplementation (ONS).

Results: Of 507 subjects, 138 (27.2%) were malnourished or at risk. Discontinuation rates were 20.0% (7/35) for the ONS group and 40.0% (10/25) for the regular care (RC) group. Among 29 patients with measurable weight change after six months, 19 (ONS group) and 10 (RC group) participated. The ONS group exhibited significant increases in body weight (+1.4 ± 2.9 kg, p < 0.01), body mass index (BMI) (+0.6 ± 0.9 kg/m2, p < 0.01), calf circumference (+3.2 ± 0.2 cm, p < 0.01), and grip strength (+1.2 ± 1.9 kg, p = 0.069). Conversely, the RC group showed no significant increases in body weight (+1.0 ± 1.9 kg, p = 0.146), BMI (+0.4 ± 0.8 kg/m2, p = 0.176), or grip strength (-0.7 ± 1.7 kg, p = 0.327), with decreased grip strength and calf circumference (-0.8 ± 0.9 cm, p < 0.05). In the ONS group, 52.6% (10/19) consumed over 400 kcal/day of ONS, and 84.2% maintained this intake for three months. Malnutrition is prevalent among daycare users.

Conclusion: ONS influences weight, BMI, and calf circumference, potentially reducing discontinuation rates.

Clinical trial registration: https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000049767, UMIN000043580.

Keywords: Mini Nutritional Assessment Form; elderly daycare service; frailty; oral nutritional supplement; sarcopenia.

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Conflict of interest statement

HT, YK, and MI are employed by Nestlé Health Science Company, Nestlé Japan Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. The remaining author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The authors declare that this study received funding from Nestlé Japan Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. The funder had the following involvement in the study: the funders were involved in research protocol planning and creation, data collection, statistical analysis, and interpretation of results, but were not directly involved in study data entry. SY has received advisory fees from Nestlé Japan Ltd., for consultation services.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The evaluation algorithm of the mini nutrition assessment short-form plus. ONS1, Isocal® Jelly High Calorie; ONS2, Isocal® 100; ONS3, Isocal® Clear.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Case entry flow of oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) group and regular care (RC) group.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Outcomes of the ONS and RC groups. Other ONS group: family opposition (2), significant decrease in food intake (2), refusal to consume (2), stable meal intake at home, physician’s instructions, Intake of other ONS. Other of the RC group: withdrawal of consent (2), family opposition, and dietitian instructions.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Change in body weight from baseline to 6 months. Mean ± standard deviation (SD); p-value: level of significance 5%, comparison before and after two-sided t-test.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Change in body mass index from baseline to 6 months. Mean ± SD; p-value: level of significance 5%, comparison before and after two-sided t-test.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Change in grip strength from baseline to 6 months. Mean ± SD; p-value: level of significance 5%, comparison before and after two-sided t-test.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Change in calf circumference from baseline to 6 months. Mean ± SD; p-value: level of significance 5%, comparison before and after two-sided t-test.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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