Declaration of competing interest RL serves as a consultant to Aardvark Therapeutics, Altimmune, Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Cascade Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Glympse bio, Inipharma, Intercept, Inventiva, Ionis, Janssen Inc., Lipidio, Madrigal, Neurobo, Novo Nordisk, Merck, Pfizer, Sagimet, 89 bio, Takeda, Terns Pharmaceuticals and Viking Therapeutics. In addition, his institution received research grants from Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Astrazeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Galectin Therapeutics, Gilead, Intercept, Hanmi, Intercept, Inventiva, Ionis, Janssen, Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Sonic Incytes and Terns Pharmaceuticals. Co-founder of LipoNexus Inc. AJS has ownership interests (Stock options) in Genfit, Tiziana, Inversago, Nemozyme, Durect. He has served as a consultant to Intercept, Gilead, merck, Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Genentech, Alnylam, Regeneron, Astra Zeneca, Beohringer Ingelhiem, LG Chem, Hanmi, Inventiva, Blade, Aligos, 89 Bio, Boston Pharmaceuticals, Sagimet, Tern, Akero, Poxel, Variant, Madrigal, Takeda, Zydus, Rona, Hemoshear, Path AI, Histoindex. His institution has received grants from Gilead, Intercept, Salix, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Merck, Takeda, Ocelot, Inventiva, Hanmi and Lilly. He received royalties from UptoDate and from Elsevier. CSM reports grants through his institution from Merck, Massachusetts Life Sciences Center and Boehringer Ingelheim, has received grants through his Institution and personal consulting fees from Coherus Inc. and AltrixBio, he reports personal consulting fees and support with research reagents from Ansh Inc., collaborative research support from LabCorp Inc., reports personal consulting fees from Olympus, Genfit, Lumos, Novo Nordisk, Amgen, Corcept, Intercept, 89 Bio, Madrigal, Aligos, Esperion and Regeneron, travel support and fees from UptoDate, TMIOA, Elsevier, and the Cardio Metabolic Health Conference. None is related to this work. MK, CB, VK, and MAH declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.