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. 2024 Mar 13;10(6):e27980.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27980. eCollection 2024 Mar 30.

Co-detection of azoxystrobin and thiabendazole fungicides in mold and mildew resistant wallboards and in children

Wenxin Hu  1   2 , Yun-Chung Hsiao  3 , Nikolas Morrison-Welch  1   2 , Sophia Lamberti  1   2 , Chih-Wei Liu  3 , Weili Lin  4 , Stephanie M Engel  5 , Kun Lu  3 , Mark J Zylka  1   2   6
Affiliations

Co-detection of azoxystrobin and thiabendazole fungicides in mold and mildew resistant wallboards and in children

Wenxin Hu et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

The study measured the levels of azoxystrobin (AZ) and thiabendazole (TBZ) in wallboards and metabolite levels of these fungicides in children. The paper covering of wallboard samples contained a higher concentration of AZ and TBZ than the gypsum core, and similar amounts (w/w) of these two fungicides were present in the samples. These data suggest that commercial products containing a 1:1 (w/w) amount of AZ and TBZ, such as Sporgard® WB or Azo Tech™, were applied to the wallboard paper. This is the first detection of TBZ in mold-and-mildew resistant wallboards. The TBZ metabolite, 5OH-TBZ, was detected in 48% of urine samples collected from children aged 40-84 months, and was co-detected with AZ-acid, a common AZ metabolite, in 37.5% of the urine samples. The detection frequency of 5OH-TBZ was positively associated with the detection frequency of AZ-acid. These findings suggest that certain types of wallboards used in homes and commercial buildings may be a potential source of co-exposure to AZ and TBZ in humans.

Keywords: Azoxystrobin; Exposure pathway; Thiabendazole; Wallboard.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Image 1
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
(A) Concentration of AZ and TBZ in wallboard core and paper samples. (B) Linear regression of concentration of AZ and TBZ in wallboard samples (n = 8 wallboard samples). Correlation coefficient: R squared = 0.9, p < 0.0001. (C) Representative pictures of the tested wallboard samples.
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