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Review
. 2024 Jan 20;9(2):447-462.
doi: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.01.011. eCollection 2024 Jun.

MIAT LncRNA: A multifunctional key player in non-oncological pathological conditions

Yousra Zeinelabdeen  1   2 , Tasneem Abaza  1   3 , Montaser Bellah Yasser  4 , Noha M Elemam  5   6 , Rana A Youness  1
Affiliations
Review

MIAT LncRNA: A multifunctional key player in non-oncological pathological conditions

Yousra Zeinelabdeen et al. Noncoding RNA Res. .

Abstract

The discovery of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has unveiled a wide range of transcripts that do not encode proteins but play key roles in several cellular and molecular processes. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are specific class of ncRNAs that are longer than 200 nucleotides and have gained significant attention due to their diverse mechanisms of action and potential involvement in various pathological conditions. In the current review, the authors focus on the role of lncRNAs, specifically highlighting the Myocardial Infarction Associated Transcript (MIAT), in non-oncological context. MIAT is a nuclear lncRNA that has been directly linked to myocardial infarction and is reported to control post-transcriptional processes as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) molecule. It interacts with microRNAs (miRNAs), thereby limiting the translation and expression of their respective target messenger RNA (mRNA) and regulating protein expression. Yet, MIAT has been implicated in other numerous pathological conditions such as other cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune disease, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic diseases, and many others. In this review, the authors emphasize that MIAT exhibits distinct expression patterns and functions across different pathological conditions and is emerging as potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic agent. Additionally, the authors highlight the regulatory role of MIAT and shed light on the involvement of lncRNAs and specifically MIAT in various non-oncological pathological conditions.

Keywords: Biomarkers; Disease pathogenesis; LncRNAs; MIAT; Non-oncological conditions; Therapeutic targets.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
LncRNAs modes of Actions. LncRNAs mode of action; they can be strictly localized in the nucleus in cis or localized in the nucleus and function in trans. Additionally, they can be localized and function in the cytoplasm.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
MIAT-mRNA and MIAT-miRNA regulatory networks in non-oncological disorders. MIAT-mRNA and MIAT-miRNA regulatory networks in non-oncological disorders generated from LncTarD and LncRNA2Target databases. (a) Network plot for MIAT encompassing 12 lncRNA-mRNA interactions. (b) Network plot for MIAT encompassing 14 lncRNA-miRNA interactions.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Role of lncRNA MIAT in several pathological diseases.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
MIAT as a regulator of multiple pathways in diabetic retinopathy.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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