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Observational Study
. 2024 Mar 21;19(3):e0297660.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297660. eCollection 2024.

Differences in lower extremity kinematics during single-leg lateral drop landing of healthy individuals, injured but asymptomatic patients, and patients with chronic ankle instability- a cross-sectional observational study

Yuki Sagawa  1 , Takumi Yamada  2 , Takehiro Ohmi  3 , Yoshinao Moriyama  4 , Junpei Kato  5
Affiliations
Observational Study

Differences in lower extremity kinematics during single-leg lateral drop landing of healthy individuals, injured but asymptomatic patients, and patients with chronic ankle instability- a cross-sectional observational study

Yuki Sagawa et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

The lower-extremity kinematics associated with forward jump landing after an ankle injury is known to differ for patients with Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI), copers (injured but asymptomatic patients), and healthy individuals. However, the differences in the lower extremity kinematics of these groups associated with a Single-leg Lateral Drop Landing (SLDL) are unknown. The purpose of this study is to characterize the lower limb and foot kinematics during SLDL in CAI patients and to compare these characteristics with those of the copers and healthy individuals. This was a cross-sectional observational study. Nineteen participants, each, were selected from the CAI, Coper, and control groups. The lower-extremity kinematics during SLDL was measured using three-dimensional motion analysis over an interval progressing from 200 ms before landing to 200 ms after landing. Either one-way ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the attributes of the respective groups, with each parameter measured every 10 ms. The maximum values and excursions of the parameters were established over time intervals progressing from 200 ms before landing to 200 ms after landing. Significant observations were subjected to post hoc analysis. Compared to the Coper group, the CAI group exhibited significantly smaller hip adduction angles at 160 ms, ankle dorsiflexion angles in the 110-150 ms interval, and maximum ankle dorsiflexion angles after landing. Compared to the control group, the CAI group exhibited significantly smaller excursions of MH inversion/eversion after landing. Our findings confirm the necessity of focusing on the kinematics of hip adduction/abduction and plantar/dorsiflexion during SLDL in evaluating patients with ankle injuries.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Flow diagram of study participants.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Marker attachment positions according to the Plug-in Gait Full-Body model.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Marker attachment positions according to the multi-segment foot model.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Single-Leg Lateral Drop Landing (SLDL).
Fig 5
Fig 5. Sagittal ankle angles during SLDL from 200 ms before landing to 200 ms after landing.
The continuous, dotted, and dashed lines represent CAI, Coper, and CON, respectively. The time origin at 0 ms indicates the moment of initial contact. Gray areas indicate areas of statistical significance. Abbreviations: SLDL, Single-leg Lateral Drop Landing; CAI, Chronic Ankle Instability; CON, control.
Fig 6
Fig 6. Frontal subtalar angles during SLDL from 200 ms before landing to 200 ms after landing.
The continuous, dotted, and dashed lines represent CAI, Coper, and CON, respectively. The time origin at 0 ms indicates the moment of initial contact. Gray areas indicate areas of statistical significance. Abbreviations: SLDL, Single-leg Lateral Drop Landing; CAI, Chronic Ankle Instability; CON, control.
Fig 7
Fig 7. Horizontal subtalar angles during SLDL from 200 ms before landing to 200 ms after landing.
The continuous, dotted, and dashed lines represent CAI, Coper, and CON, respectively. The time origin at 0 ms indicates the moment of initial contact. Gray areas indicate areas of statistical significance. Abbreviations: SLDL, Single-leg Lateral Drop Landing; CAI, Chronic Ankle Instability; CON, control.
Fig 8
Fig 8. Frontal hip angle during SLDL from 200 ms before landing to 200 ms after landing.
The continuous, dotted, and dashed lines represent CAI, Coper, and CON, respectively. The time origin at 0 ms indicates the moment of initial contact. Gray areas indicate areas of statistical significance. Abbreviations: SLDL, Single-leg Lateral Drop Landing; CAI, Chronic Ankle Instability; CON, control.
Fig 9
Fig 9. Sagittal hip angle during SLDL from 200 ms before landing to 200 ms after landing.
The continuous, dotted, and dashed lines represent CAI, Coper, and CON, respectively. The time origin at 0 ms indicates the moment of initial contact. Gray areas indicate areas of statistical significance. Abbreviations: SLDL, Single-leg Lateral Drop Landing; CAI, Chronic Ankle Instability; CON, control.
Fig 10
Fig 10. Horizontal hip angle during SLDL from 200 ms before landing to 200 ms after landing.
The continuous, dotted, and dashed lines represent CAI, Coper, and CON, respectively. The time origin at 0 ms indicates the moment of initial contact. Gray areas indicate areas of statistical significance. Abbreviations: SLDL, Single-leg Lateral Drop Landing; CAI, Chronic Ankle Instability; CON, control.
Fig 11
Fig 11. Sagittal knee angle during SLDL from 200 ms before landing to 200 ms after landing.
The continuous, dotted, and dashed lines represent CAI, Coper, and CON, respectively. The time origin at 0 ms indicates the moment of initial contact. Abbreviations: SLDL, Single-leg Lateral Drop Landing; CAI, Chronic Ankle Instability; CON, control.
Fig 12
Fig 12. Sagittal TM angle during SLDL from 200 ms before landing to 200 ms after landing.
The continuous, dotted, and dashed lines represent CAI, Coper, and CON, respectively. The time origin at 0 ms indicates the moment of initial contact. Abbreviations: SLDL, Single-leg Lateral Drop Landing; CAI, Chronic Ankle Instability; CON, control; TM, toe and metatarsal; MH, metatarsal and hind foot.
Fig 13
Fig 13. Sagittal MH angle during SLDL from 200 ms before landing to 200 ms after landing.
The continuous, dotted, and dashed lines represent CAI, Coper, and CON, respectively. The time origin at 0 ms indicates the moment of initial contact. Abbreviations: SLDL, Single-leg Lateral Drop Landing; CAI, Chronic Ankle Instability; CON, control; TM, toe and metatarsal; MH, metatarsal and hind foot.
Fig 14
Fig 14. Frontal MH angle during SLDL from 200 ms before landing to 200 ms after landing.
The continuous, dotted, and dashed lines represent CAI, Coper, and CON, respectively. The time origin at 0 ms indicates the moment of initial contact. Abbreviations: SLDL, Single-leg Lateral Drop Landing; CAI, Chronic Ankle Instability; CON, control; TM, toe and metatarsal; MH, metatarsal and hind foot.
Fig 15
Fig 15. Horizontal MH angle during SLDL from 200 ms before landing to 200 ms after landing.
The continuous, dotted, and dashed lines represent CAI, Coper, and CON, respectively. The time origin at 0 ms indicates the moment of initial contact. Abbreviations: SLDL, Single-leg Lateral Drop Landing; CAI, Chronic Ankle Instability; CON, control; TM, toe and metatarsal; MH, metatarsal and hind foot.
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