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. 2024 Mar 7:11:1354489.
doi: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1354489. eCollection 2024.

Effects of different treatments on metabolic syndrome in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-analysis

Jianing Liu  1 , Jiahuan Xu  1 , Shibo Guan  1 , Wei Wang  1
Affiliations

Effects of different treatments on metabolic syndrome in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-analysis

Jianing Liu et al. Front Med (Lausanne). .

Abstract

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) often coexist, and the causal relationship between them is not yet clear; treatments for OSA include continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), mandibular advancement device (MAD), surgery, and lifestyle intervention and so on. However, the effects of different treatments on metabolic syndrome in OSA patients are still under debate.

Objectives: Review the effects of different treatments on metabolic syndrome in OSA patients by meta-analysis.

Methods: we searched articles in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, CBM, and Wanfang data from database construction to Feb. 2024.RevMan5.4 and Stata software were used to conduct a meta-analysis of 22 articles.

Results: A total of 22 articles were finally included. The results showed that CPAP treatment could reduce the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in OSA patients in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (RR = 0.82 [95% CI, 0.75 to 0.90]; p < 0.01) and single-arm studies (RR = 0.73 [95% CI, 0.63 to 0.84]; p < 0.01). As for metabolic syndrome components, CPAP treatment reduces blood pressure, fasting glucose (FG), triglycerides (TG), and waist circumference (WC) but can't affect high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Lifestyle intervention could significantly reduce the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in OSA patients (RR = 0.60 [95% CI, 0.48 to 0.74]; p < 0.01) and can lower blood pressure, fasting glucose, and waist circumference but can't affect the lipid metabolism of OSA patients. Upper airway surgery can only reduce TG levels in OSA patients (MD = -0.74 [95% CI, -1.35 to -0.13]; p = 0.02) and does not affect other components of metabolic syndrome. There is currently no report on the impact of upper airway surgery on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. No study has reported the effect of MAD on metabolic syndrome in OSA patients.

Conclusion: We confirmed that both CPAP and lifestyle intervention can reduce the prevalence of MetS in OSA patients. CPAP treatment can lower blood pressure, fasting glucose, waist circumference, and triglyceride levels in OSA patients. Lifestyle intervention can lower blood pressure, fasting glucose, and waist circumference in OSA patients. Upper airway surgery can only reduce TG levels in OSA patients.

Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42022326857.

Keywords: continuous positive airway pressure; diet; exercise; meta-analysis; metabolic syndrome; obstructive sleep apnea; surgery.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Flow diagram of the study selection process.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Risk of bias summary: review authors’ judgments about each risk of bias item for each included study.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Impact of CPAP on Mets prevalence (RCTs).
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Impact of CPAP on Mets prevalence (single-arm studies).
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Impact of lifestyle intervention on Mets prevalence.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Change in SBP [(A): RCTs; (B): single-arm studies].
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7
Change in DBP [(A): RCTs; (B): single-arm studies].
FIGURE 8
FIGURE 8
Change in FG [(A): RCTs; (B): single-arm studies].
FIGURE 9
FIGURE 9
Change in WC [(A): RCTs; (B): single-arm studies].
FIGURE 10
FIGURE 10
Change in TG [(A): RCTs; (B): single-arm studies].
FIGURE 11
FIGURE 11
Change in HDL-C [(A): RCTs; (B): single-arm studies].
FIGURE 12
FIGURE 12
The outcome of sensitivity analysis.
FIGURE 13
FIGURE 13
Funnel plots of the impact of CPAP. Funnel plots of the impact CPAP [(A): MetS, (B): SBP, (C): DBP, (D): FG, (E): WC, (F): TG, (G): HDL-C].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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