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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2024 Aug;122(2):278-287.
doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2024.03.018. Epub 2024 Mar 24.

Low-serum antimüllerian hormone is linked with poor semen quality in infertile men screened for participation in a randomized controlled trial

Rune Holt  1 , Sam Kafai Yahyavi  1 , Gustav Wall-Gremstrup  2 , Mads Joon Jorsal  2 , Frederikke Bay Toft  1 , Niels Jørgensen  3 , Anders Juul  4 , Martin Blomberg Jensen  5
Affiliations
Free article
Randomized Controlled Trial

Low-serum antimüllerian hormone is linked with poor semen quality in infertile men screened for participation in a randomized controlled trial

Rune Holt et al. Fertil Steril. 2024 Aug.
Free article

Abstract

Objective: To investigate possible associations between serum antimüllerian hormone (AMH) concentration and semen quality in infertile men. Studies investigating the associations between serum AMH concentration and semen quality in infertile men have shown conflicting results.

Design: Infertile men were included during screening for participation in the First in Treating Male Infertility Study, a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, 1:1, single-center randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Not applicable.

Patients: At the screening visit, 400 participants produced a semen sample and had their serum analyzed for AMH concentration.

Intervention: Not applicable.

Main outcome measures: Serum AMH concentration and semen quality.

Results: All men were stratified according to serum AMH concentrations in quartiles (Q1-Q4). Men in the lowest quartile had a lower sperm concentration (1 × 106/mL) (Q1: 8.0 vs. Q2: 10.4 vs. Q3: 11.0 vs. Q4: 13.0), total sperm count (1 × 106) (Q1: 29.1 vs. Q2: 38.2 vs. Q3: 44.4 vs. Q4: 55.7), sperm motility (%) (Q1: 41 vs. Q2: 57 vs. Q3: 50 vs. Q4: 53), and progressive sperm motility (%) (Q1: 31 vs. Q2: 44 vs. Q3: 35 vs. Q4: 40) compared with the other quartiles. Moreover, men with a sperm concentration <2 million/mL had a lower serum AMH concentration compared with men having 2-16 × 106 /mL and >16 × 106/mL (31 pmol/L vs. 38 pmol/L vs. 43 pmol/L, respectively). In accordance, men with sperm motility <20% had a lower serum AMH concentration compared with men with sperm motility 20%-42%, and >42% (31 pmol/L vs. 43 pmol/L. vs. 39 pmol/L, respectively).

Conclusion: This study shows that low serum AMH concentration is associated with poor semen quality in infertile men, which implies that serum AMH concentration may have clinical value during the evaluation of male infertility.

Clinical trial registration number: NCT05212337.

Keywords: AMH; male infertility; semen quality.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Interests R.H. has nothing to disclose. S.K.Y. has nothing to disclose. G.W.G. has nothing to disclose. M.J. has nothing to disclose. F.T. has nothing to disclose. N.J. has nothing to disclose. A.J. has nothing to disclose. M.B.J. reports funding from Innovationsfonden, Novo Nordisk, and XY Therapeutics; consulting fees from Novo Nordisk, Gedeon Richter, Merck, XY Therapeutics, Amgen; Three patents on RANKL and fertility and one on using AMH as a marker to select infertile men for stimulatory treatments have been granted; the spin-out company XY Therapeutics is trying to develop RANKL inhibitors as a novel treatment option; M.B.J. is the inventor of the patent, which is outlicensed to the Company XY therapeutics where he is CEO. M.B.J. has also been on advisory boards of Novo Nordisk, FAES Pharma and Vertex.

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