National Drug Laws, Policies, and Programs in India: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Background: Drug use is a major public health issue in India. Significant changes in the approach toward drug use have happened in the last few decades. Despite this, no systematic attempt has been made to document the same in the scientific literature. This narrative review attempts to discuss the major drug laws, policies, and national programs of the Government of India (GoI).

Methods: A thorough search was conducted to look for policies, programs, acts, and notifications related to substance use/drug use on various websites of different ministries of the GoI. Acts, programs, and policies addressing substance use were identified.

Results: Various drug laws, programs, and acts from the GoI provide a multipronged approach to curbing the procurement of drug use along with its prevention and cure. The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment (MoSJE) is the nodal ministry for drug demand reduction. The enactment of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act 1985 and Policy 2012 and the implementation of India's Drug De-Addiction Program (DDAP) are important landmarks in this journey.

Conclusion: The GoI initiatives for reducing the mental health burden in this country in general and substance use disorders (SUDs), in particular, are immense. The acts/statutes/laws/notifications are all interlinked. Stakeholders in mental health, public health, and policy-making need to upgrade themselves with the relevant statutes to curb the menace of drug use.

Keywords: Drug laws; NDPS act; NDPS policy; drug de-addiction program of India.

Figure 1.. Flowchart of Landmarks of Indian Drug Laws, Policies, and Programs.

NDPS, Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances; OST, Opioid Substitution Therapy; DDAP, Drug De-Addiction Program; RPWD, Rights of Persons With Disability; NAPDDR, National Action Plan for Drug Demand Reduction; NPTCDAT, National Program for Tobacco Control and Drug Addiction Treatment; NACP, National AIDS Control Program; AB PM-JAY, Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojna.