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. 2024 Jul;39(7):1203-1212.
doi: 10.1002/mds.29778. Epub 2024 Mar 26.

Contribution of Nutritional, Lifestyle, and Metabolic Risk Factors to Parkinson's Disease

Nicola Veronese  1 , Andrea Nova  2 , Teresa Fazia  2 , Emilia Riggi  2 , Lin Yang  3   4 , Laura Piccio  5   6   7 , Bo-Huei Huang  5   8 , Matthew Ahmadi  5 , Mario Barbagallo  1 , Maria Notarnicola  9 , Gianluigi Giannelli  9 , Giovanni De Pergola  9 , Emmanuel Stamatakis  5 , Emanuele Cereda  10   11 , Luisa Bernardinelli  2 , Luigi Fontana  5   12
Affiliations

Contribution of Nutritional, Lifestyle, and Metabolic Risk Factors to Parkinson's Disease

Nicola Veronese et al. Mov Disord. 2024 Jul.

Abstract

Background: Modifiable risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD) are poorly known.

Objectives: The aim is to evaluate independent associations of different nutritional components, physical activity, and sedentary behavior and metabolic factors with the risk of PD.

Methods: In this population-based prospective cohort study using the data of the United Kingdom Biobank (from 2006-2010), 502,017 men and women who were free from PD (International Classification of Diseases 10th edition; "G20") at baseline were included. We implemented a Cox proportion hazard's model to evaluate the associations of different levels of physical activity, sitting time, sleep habits, diet quality, alcohol and coffee consumption, smoking, and body mass index with PD risk, adjusting for several confounding variables.

Results: During a median follow-up of 12.8 years, lifestyle factors including vigorous physical activity (hazard ration [HR] = 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75-0.94), low-to-moderate sitting time (HR = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81-0.97), and high sleep quality (HR = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80-0.99) were associated with a reduced risk of PD. Small amounts of coffee (HR = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.82-0.95), red meat (HR = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76-0.97), and current smoking (HR = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.56-0.75) were also associated with a lower risk of PD, whereas alcohol intake (HR = 1.29; 95% CI, 1.06-1.56) with higher PD risk. Secondary analysis, including metabolic risk factors, confirmed these findings and highlighted the potential protective effect of plasma vitamin D and uric acid, but of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein as well.

Conclusions: Vigorous physical activity, reduced sitting time, good sleep quality together with small coffee intake and vitamin D supplementation are potentially neuroprotective lifestyle interventions for the prevention of PD. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Keywords: Parkinson's disease; UKBB.

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