Glaucoma awareness, anxiety and its impact on patients undergoing visual field testing and optical coherence tomography

Abstract

Purpose: To assess the effect of Glaucoma awareness, knowledge, and anxiety on patients under visual field analysis by Humphrey's visual field analyzer (HFA) and optical coherence tomography(OCT).

Methods: This prospective comparative cohort study included glaucoma patients undergoing HFA (Group A)(n = 150) and OCT(Group B) (n = 150). Each group consisted of 75 newly diagnosed patients and 75 patients who were on follow-up. Participants completed State trait anxiety inventory form Y2(STAI) before and after the test to assess pre-test and intra-test anxiety. Another validated and structured questionnaire was used to assess patient awareness and knowledge of glaucoma. Anxiety scores were used to make correlations and comparisons between the two groups and also against visual field reliability indices. The impact of awareness on anxiety scores and its correlation with reliability indices were also determined.

Results: Overall pretest and intratest anxiety scores in patients undergoing HFA were 52.39(9.5) and 52.45(8.6)and OCT 53.04(8.0) and 53.83(8.2) respectively.Pretest anxiety was less in follow-up patients of both groups(Group A-51.04,Group B-52.72).There was no statistically significant difference between the groups(pretest p = 0.52,Intratest p = 0.15). Anxiety score was found to be significantly high in female participants(54.07,p = 0.01)and those without awareness(p < 0.001). Patients with education of graduation and above in group B had significantly lower anxiety scores(p = 0.007).

Conclusion: Anxiety levels induced by both diagnostic modalities HFA and OCT appear to be similar and it does not affect the reliability indices.Anxiety score was higher in female participants and participants lacking disease awareness.

Keywords: Awareness; OCT; anxiety; glaucoma; reliability; visual field.